This study was done to estimate the serum uric acid level pre and post dialysis. To do this 50 patients with chronic renal failure and 50 apparently health individual as control group were involved. Uric acid level was determined for all patients and control group and the result was analyzed using spss package. The mean of serum uric acid pre dialysis is significantly raised compare with that of the control group (9.4±2.2 versus 3.7±0.8). The mean of uric acid post dialysis is significantly decreased compared with that of before dialysis (9.4±2.2 versus 2.7±1.2) and P.value 0.00. The sex frequency for pt with CRF (43.3% female and 56.7% male). The correlation between duration of disease and Serum uric acid significant negative correlation and the (P.value =0.01 r = - 0.40).

210 stool samples were collected from primary school children (100 male and 110 female).The stool samples were processed by wet prepration, formal ether concentration technique and saturated sugar flotation technique. The result revealed that out of 210 stool samples, 52 were found positive for intestinal parasites. This constituted an overall prevalence rate of 24.8%. The study revealed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 29% among males while it was 20.9% among females. The highest prevalence rate (35%) was reported among the 6-8 years age groups, while the lowest prevalence rate (10.3%) was reported among 12-14 years age groups. The prevalence rate of different parasites was as follow: Giardia lamblia (16.6%), Hymenolepis nana (6.7%), Taenia species (0.5%), Ascaris lumbericoides (0.5%) and Entamoeba histolytica (0.5%). The prevalence of intestinal protozoa (17.1%) was higher than the intestinal helminthes (7.6%). The study showed that 23.3% were infected with single infection and 1.4% was infected with mixed infection. Formal ether concentration technique was considered as the gold standard in detection of intestinal parasites. The sensitivity and specificity of saturated sugar flotation technique were 75% and 100% respectively

Anemia is a condition in which the blood hemoglobin (the main oxygen-transporting protein in red blood cells) level is under the minimum extreme of the reference range for the age and gender of the person .It is the most common hematological disorder affects millions of women at reproduction period around the globe that may influence in different phases of their socioeconomic lifestyle. It occurs due to increase red blood cell destruction or due to bone marrow failure to produce adequate number of blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia noticed among women during their reproductive age, while other types are less common. Pernicious anaemia and folate deficiency are recognized to cause secondary infertility. Any attempts to treat infertility or to even establish preliminary investigations should be delayed until anaemia is treated. Management of anaemia itself may resolve the infertility problems and should be taken as a first line treatment in all cases.

Background: Zinc is an essential mineral that is found in almost every cell in the body. It is a key factor in making many parts of the reproductive system work properly. Copper play important role in male fertility it is essential element for the production of male gametes, substantial amounts of cu can also be found in liquids associated with sperm in the epididymis and prostate, also effect the integral androgen distribution in terms of fertility on the line hypothalamic-pituitary-testis. Objective: To access the level of zinc and copper in serum among Sudanese male with abnormal semen analysis. Materials and Methods: This is a case control study carried out from Banoon fertility center in period from March to May 2018. We quantified the levels of Zn and Cu in serum samples from 50 patients of infertility and 50 healthy control people. These elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Zn and Cu were significantly lower in infertile men patients, (0.269±0.093 mg/l) (0.223±0.084 mg/l) when compared with control group, (0.579±0.224mg/l) (0.821±0.179 mg/l), with P value (0.000) respectively.). Conclusion: There is a defect in levels of Zn and Cu in infertile men patients. The estimation of these trace elements could be a useful complementary in diagnosis and monitoring for infertility.

Background: The hemostatic alterations play an important role in malaria pathogenesis and in the progression of disease. In severe infection the accelerated coagulation cascade activity with accelerated fibrinogen turnover increase the bleeding tendency and may lead to DIC. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the Alteration of coagulation parameters in Plasmodium Falciparum malaria Patients and its correlation with degree of parasitemia in Khartoum state. Sudan; 2019. Material and method: Analytical cross sectional study, 170 blood samples were enrolled in this study.85 samples of blood were collected from patients with falciparum malaria and 85 samples were collected from healthy individual as control, then PT and APTT will be measured by coagulometer. Result: The mean of PT was significantly high in case than in control (14.201second vs 13.668 second, (P value (< 0.01)).While there was no differences in the mean of APTT between case and control (33.075 vs 33.192 second ) P value (0.735). Conclusions: Our study concluded that the mean of PT was significantly higher in case than control, While there was no differences in the mean of APTT between case and control, and There was no differences between the PT and APTT of case and control according to gender. And there is no correlation between degree of parasitemia in PT, APTT and age.

This study was done to estimate the serum uric acid, phosphate and calcium level pre and post dialysis. To do these 50 patients with chronic renal failure and 20 apparently healthy individuals as control group were involved. Uric acid, calcium and phosphate level was determined for all patients and the control group and the result was analyzed using spss package. The mean of uric acid pre dialysis is significantly raised compared with that of the control group (9.4± 2.3 versus 3.9±0.9) mg/dl. And the mean of uric acid level post dialysis decreased after dialysis compared with that of before dialysis (2.9± 1.3versus 9.4±2.3) mg/dl and P.value 0.00. The mean of calcium pre dialysis is significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (5.4± 0.85 versus 9.8±0.8) mg/dl. And the mean of calcium level post dialysis decreased after dialysis compared with that of before dialysis (4.4±1.07 versus 5.4± 0.85) mg/dl. The mean of phosphate pre dialysis is significantly raised compared with that of the control group (5.7± 2.04 versus 3.7±0.46) mg/dl. And the mean of phosphate level post dialysis decreased after dialysis compared with that of before dialysis (3.1± 1.3versus 5.7±2.04) mg/dl and P.value 0.00. In the test group, serum uric acid, phosphate and calcium were no correlated with the duration of the disease.

Objective: The endometrium plays a key role in the fertility and endometrial pathology and gains great importance in the female reproductive system. It is important in terms of fertility and endometrial pathology with its mechanism and regulatory factors. Aim: This study highlights the complex process of endometrial regeneration and the researchs aimed at explaining the ability of endometrial stem cells to new remedy to the treatment of infertility as well as some diseases. Conclusion: There is no doubt that the endometrium has unlimited ability to regenerate any tissue. Today, they are in the various stages of experimentation in cell-based therapies of the regenerative medicine and will open hopeful avenues in treating heavy or fatal diseases by using stem cells. Beside endometrial diseases and infertility, an extensive range of clinical practices have included tests of stem cells in the endometrium. Furthermore, this study summarizes the identification of stem cells and regeneration properties in the endometrium.

Nelsonia canescens is a small perennial herb widely used in Burkina Faso traditional medicine for the treatment of any diseases. In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the potential cytotoxicity and selectivity of different extracts from N. canescens on human cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines. MTT assay revealed higher cytotoxic activity of methanol extract in a dose-dependent manner against both HeLa and SiHa cells with respective IC50 values of 21.72 ± 0.08 𝜇g/mL and 25.30 ± 0.44 𝜇g/mL. Methanol extract (ME) showed the best selectivity index value of 7.93 ± 0.03 with HeLa cell line and Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) showed the best selectivity index value of 7.48 ± 0.05 with SiHa. The potential cytotoxicity and selectivity of N. canescens extracts against HeLa and SiHa cells line suggest that this species could be exploited further as a potential lead in cervical cancer treatment.