A cross sectional study conducted during the period from February 2011 to April 2012 to determine and to evaluate the serum levels lipid profile, creatinine and HbA1c in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with obesity. Two hundred Sudanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with obesity were selected as a test group from Khartoum, Omdurman and Khartoum North hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan. The test group was compared with a control group, which included 100 apparently healthy volunteers. Blood specimens were collected from both groups, and the serum levels of lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), in addition to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and creatinine and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C) were determined. Age and gender of the test group were matched with the control group. The serum levels of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDLC, LDLC, triglycerides, creatinine and Hba1C were measured using spectrophotometer methods. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 11.5) computer software was used for data analysis. The results of this study indicated significantly raised means of the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDLC, triglycerides and creatinine of the test group when compared with the control group, whereas the mean of the serum levels of HDLC of the test group showed a significant reduction when compared with the control group. The results of this study also indicates a significant elevation of the means of the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDLC, triglycerides and creatinine among diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease when compared with those without ischemic heart disease, whereas the mean of the serum levels of HDLC among diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease shows a significant reduction when compared with those without ischemic heart disease. The means of the serum levels of total cholesterol

Background: This study was aimed at investigating the Prevalence Pattern of axial triradii in the Ikwerres’ Binis’ and Igbos’. The study was an observational, analytical and cross-sectional design with volunteers age ranging from 18-60 years. For the purpose of this study, an individual was considered to be a Nigeria of a particular ethnic group if the parents and four grandparents are of the same ethnic group. Materials and Methods: Cluster sampling method was used for the study. The selection and collection of required parameters relied on informed consent of volunteer subjects. This was done by giving them a copy of the informed consent letter which was signed and dated. A total of 1,200 subjects (Bini 400, Ikwerre 400 and Igbos 400) subjects were recruited for the study. The fingerprints were obtained using print scanner (Hp G3110 Photo scanner) following Oghenemavwe and Osaat (2015) improvised model. Results and Discussion: Result of the study showed that the total prevalence of the axial triradii across the three ethnic groups (n=1,200). For Ikwerre (n=400), the total prevalence of the triradii were thus for the right: t 210(52.5%), t1 128(32.0%), t2 62(15.5%) while on the left thus t 204(51.0%), t1 126(31.5%) and t2 70(17.5%). For Bini (n=400) were thus on the right: t 192(48.0%), t1 130(30.3%), t2 78(19.5%) while on the left thus t 187(46.8%), t1 131(32.8%) and t2 82(20.4%) and the Igbos (n=400) were thus on the right: t 181(45.3%), t1 115(28.8%), t2 104(25.9%) while on the left thus t 174(43.5%), t1 116(29.0%) and t2 110(27.5%). In the prevalence of the position of axial triradii across the three ethnic groups, the t-position was the most prevalent, followed by t1 and t2. In the Igbo population there was an increased prevalence of t2 on the left hand compared to the Ikwerre and Bini population. Conclusion: The similarity in prevalence pattern of the axial trradii suggests possible genetic proximity and that the Ikwerre people may possibly have received con

A total of 200 subjects were recruited for the study comprising 100 subjects each for Patients with UTI (50 subjects were Males, 50 were Females) and 100 subjects for apparently healthy subjects (Control) (50 subjects were Males, 50 were Females) drawn from the Health institution. About 6ml of venous blood was aseptically collected from the antecubital vein of each subject by standard technique. About 4.5ml was dispensed into plain tubes for Erythropoietin assay and the remaining was dispensed into an EDTA bottle for haematological parameters determination. All reagents and kits were commercially purchased from reputable company whose standard operating procedures were strictly followed. Human EPO (Erythropoietin) ELISA kit was purchased from Elabscience with catalog No: E-EL-H0066c.The erythropoietin was bought from Elabscience Biotechnology Co.Ltd, Wuhan. The haematological parameters were determined using Mindray BC-5300. The results were expressed as mean± standard deviation. The data were analysed with the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 using t-test, ANOVA and the level of significance was set at P<0.05. The results showed decrease in RBC (3.75±1.40 X1012/L; 5.16±0.34 X1012/L, P=0.004), Haemoglobin (11.24±4.21g/dl, 15.48±1.03g/dl, P=0.004), PCV (33.73±12.62%, 46.45±3.08, P=0.004), increase in EPO (87.29±7.66 iu/l, 19.35±5.75 iu/l) and no significant difference in MCV (90.02±0.08fl, 90.00±0.05fl), MCH (30.00±0.03pg, 30.00±0.02pg) and MCHC (330.59±9.04g/l, 333.33±0.06g/l) of patients with UTI compared to control respectively. The results showed increase in EPO (64.23±9.19 iu/l, 17.10±6.86 iu/l, P=0.002 ) and no significant difference in RBC (4.94±0.99 X1012/L; 5.26±0.17 X1012/L, P=0.613), Haemoglobin (14.83±2.99g/dl, 15.78±0.51g/dl, P=0.611), PCV (44.50±8.96%, 47.33±1.53%, P=0.611), MCV (90.01±0.06fl, 90.04±0.03fl, P=0.393), MCH (30.00±0.02pg, 30.01±0.01pg, P=0.389) and MCHC (333.30±0.07g/l, 333.31±0.08g/l, P=0.901) of patients with UTI

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are an important public health problem because they are the main causes of mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Despite existing drug therapies, such diseases have particularities that hinder their control. For this reason many studies seek to identify new molecules, especially natural substances, with therapeutic potential to control cardiovascular diseases. Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin that has many biological activities and promotes cardiovascular action. Objective: Identify the cardiovascular effect of diosgenin and to describe the mechanisms of action involved in this activity. Methodology: An integrative review of the literature was carried out with articles that dealt with the topic researched in the last 10 years from 2009 to 2019, available in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and BIREME/BVS databases, using advanced search with the descriptors "Diosgenin" "Cardiovascular System", "Heart" and “Diseases”, interspersed with the "and" or "or" boolean operators. Results: After initial selections and readings of some articles in their entirety, 14 studies integrated the present review. Diosgenin showed important cardioprotective activity in studies with animal models that mimic the multiple cardiac pathologies in humans, which allow it to be considered with great future pharmacological potential. The mechanisms of action of this substance are related to antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiapoptotic and antiproliferative capacity. Conclusion: Diosgenin has a beneficial cardiovascular effect when used in multiple models of animal experimentation with cardiac alterations. This fact makes this substance an important and promising molecule for future research, such as clinical trials in humans with cardiovascular changes similar to those presented by animals.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which has emerged as a health challenge globally due to its insidious on set, late recognition and complications. The present study was aimed at evaluation of acute phase inflammatory proteins in Owerri. Cross Sectional Studies was conducted at Federal Medical Center and Imo State specialist Hospital, Owerri. A total of three hundred subjects which include each one hundred and fifty type 2 diabetics and apparently control subjects between the ages forty and sixty nine years were recruited. Ten millimeters of venous blood was aseptically collected from the subjects. Spectrophotometric, nephlometric, enzyme immunoassay were used for determination of these parameters. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social science 20.0. Test with a probability value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result from acute phase inflammatory proteins showed that the mean value of c-reactive protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1- antitrypsin, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin in type 2 diabetics (5.21± 0.91mg/l, 99.34±17.84mg/dl, 152.32 ± 26.69, 154.03±7.75mg/dl, 47.83 ± 6.20mg/dl) were higher which was statistically significant (P=0.001) when compared with the control subjects (3.14± 0.80mg/l,76.86 ± 12.41mg/dl, 114.94±16.11mg/dl, 132.80 ± 79mg/dl, 34.47 ± 3.75mg/dl). There was statistically significant progressive decrease (P=0.04) in c- reactive protein (5.50 ± 0.98, 5.08 ± 0.84, 5.0 4± 0.83mg/l );significant increase (P =0.001) in haptoglobin (149.40 ± 7.78, 155.96 ± 7.93, 157.84 ± 6.12mg/dl) and ceruloplasmin (45.54 ± 6.84, 46.92 ± 5.79, 51.44 ± 6.12mg/dl).The mean value alpha1-acid glycoprotein in female type 2 diabetics was statistically significantly higher (P=0.001) when compared to male (10.912± 17.29 v 89.55± 0.19mg/dl) .