A condition in which a person feels uncomfortable in the crowded places, malls and using public transportation because he supposes himself unsafe in such places and imagines if an emergency situation occurs, no one will be there for his help thus leaving him helpless and embraced. Most of the time agoraphobia person is followed by panic attacks, in which person feels fast heartbeat rate, sweating, pressurized and even faintness occurs. It can be treated through counselling and proper medical checkups. Urinalysis is done in order to compare the level of specific gravity of urine with that of water for the purpose of monitoring any abnormality present in kidneys functioning. For this purpose dipstick test is done in this survey by dipping strips in the urine which changed their colour according to the intensity oof abnormality. After comparing the results we supposed there is some relation present in agoraphobia and urine specific gravity.

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections are one of the commonest community-acquired and nosocomial infections caused by bacteria in humans. Poor feeding habits, poor sanitation and low standard of living are related to urinary tract infections and these factors are rife in rural settings. Despite susceptibility of both sexes to this infection, there is a higher vulnerability of women due to their physiological and reproductive anatomy. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and the rate of transmission of Urinary tract infections at our locations of study. Materials and Method: The study subjects were made up of 24 (15.9%) males and 127 (84.1%) females, with females as the predominant. This gives a male to female ratio of 1:3. Clean-catch midstream urine was collected was collected in a sterile bottle from 151 individuals between the age range of 10 to 30 years. The urine samples were processed and microbial isolates identified. Susceptibility testing was performed on all bacterial isolates. Results: Results from this study indicated that 83 (55%) from 151 individuals assayed were positive to UTIs. With coagulase negative Staphylococcus constituting the predominant microorganism and was responsible for (36.1%) cases of UTIs. This was closely succeeded by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.1%) Staphylococcus aureus (14.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.3%) Escherichia coli (7.2%) Micrococci (3.6%) Klebsiella ozaenae (2.4%) Enterococcus faecalis (2.4%) Candida albicans (1.2%) Proteus Vulgaris (1.2%). Conclusion: The incidence of urinary tract infection of 55.0% uropathogen in this study particularly among sexually active women is of public concern, hence the need for improved and screening facilities for routine laboratory test especially among the sexually active females. There is also the need for the provision of improved, adequate and affordable health care services in the community.

Glucose handling and metabolism is disturbed in acute kidney injury; L-arginine is a component of nitric oxide (NO) which aids the delivery of blood to tissues. This study focused on investigating the underlying effect that L-arginine would have on glucose handling and GLUT-4 expression in rats with acute kidney injury. Oral glucose tolerance test was used to assess the rat’s ability to regulate glucose metabolism, glucose utilization by the cells and how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood. Insulin tolerance test was used to assess insulin resistance and the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, as well as the rate of glucose clearance from the blood. Glucose transporter 4 expression was assessed via ELISA. Results showed that glucose clearance from the blood was more effective and rapid in the arginine-treated groups when compared to the control group. L-arginine induced rapid insulin-like action which was effective after thirty minutes of oral glucose loading in both groups treated with arginine but the effect was not long-lasting. Similar result was observed from the insulin tolerance test, again indicating an insulin-like action of arginine. L-arginine produced no marked difference in GLUT-4 expression across the various groups showing that the insulin-like activity observed may not be via the activation of GLUT-4 channels or exocytosis of GLUT-4 proteins to the plasma membranes of insulin target organs. This study showed that L-arginine exhibits a rapid but un-sustained insulin-like action in glucose metabolism by clearing glucose from the blood and this action is not via the activation of GLUT-4 channels on plasma membranes.