Aims: The present study aimed to formulate herbal gel preparations containing alcoholic extracts of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Allium sativum (garlic), and Curcuma longa (turmeric), and to investigate their wound healing activities upon topical application on full-thickness skin wounds induced surgically in Rabbit. Methods: Experimental study was conducted using thirty adult male rabbits. Animals were randomly allocated into 6 groups each containing 6 animals. Animals in group 1 were without treatment and served as control. Animals in group 2 received the carbomer gel base not containing drugs. Animals in group 3 received herbal gel containing withania extract. Animals in group 4 received herbal gel containing garlic extract. Animals in group 5 received herbal gel containing curcuma extract. Animals in group 6 received gel containing ciprofloxacin. Gel was applied on wound once daily up to 14-18 days starting from the second day of wounding. Results: The wound healing was slower in the untreated control animals as well as the animals treated with carbomer gel base where wounds completely healed by the 18th day of experimental period. In the other hand, wound healing in animals treated with withania gel reached about 90% by the 12th day and completely healed by the 14th day. Notably, wound healing reached about 90% by the 10th day and 97% by the 12th day and completely healed by the 14th day. Additionally, wounds in animals treated with curcuma gel cured about 90% by the 14th day and completely cured by the 16th day. Moreover, wound healing reached more than 90% by the 12th day and completely healed by the 14th day in animals treated with ciprofloxacin gel. Conclusions: Topical application of gels containing the extracts of withania, garlic, and curcuma has fastened the rate of healing in wounds induced surgically in rabbits.

British Thyroid Association (BTA) recently produced Ultrasonography (US) classification (U1–U5) of thyroid nodules to facilitate the decision-making process regarding the need to perform fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAS) in suspicious/unequivocal cases. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a relation between classify thyroid FNAS cytology, ultrasound feature diagnoses and compare with BTA-U classification. All the FNAS of thyroid lesions came during November 2017 to November 2018 were classified depended one echogenicity and size vascularity and type of calcification by assed the indication of FNAS and final cytology results. During the study period, total of 165 (89.7% females and 10.3% males) was enrolled in this study. Thyroid FNAS were reported to benign lesion, malignant, inflammatory, indeterminate and non-diagnostic were reported in (76.5 and 87.8%), (5.9 and 2.03%), (5.9 and 6.8%), (0 and 2.03%) and (11.8 and 1.35%) in cases of (male and female) respectively. Benign cases were found 757 (95.2%) out of total 795. This category includes hypo echogenic, hyper echogenic, iso echogenic, highly vascular nodules, calcification, well defined nodular surface, lymph adenopathy, mixed solid& cystic and halo sign depending to sonographic description comparison with BTA- U. This study concluded that Use of BTA for thyroid FNAC reporting helps to highlight increased malignancy risk associated with US and FANS malignant categories as well as provide more details related to cytology of thyroid lesions.

Background of Study: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a common monogenetic disorder that is characterized by chronic haemolysis, recurrent vaso-occlusion of the microcirculation and chronic inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been found to be impaired in sickle cell disease this is because haemoglobin released during intravascular haemolysis, is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide (NO) and also releases arginase into the plasma. Upon release, arginase metabolizes plasma L-arginine into ornithine, reducing the needed substrate for nitric oxide synthesis and compounding the reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability in SCA. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the plasma level of L-arginine in adult patients with SCA in steady state and compare with those of age and sex matched normal HbA controls. Methods and Materials: Thirty adult SCA patients in steady state attending Haematology clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and 30 normal HbA age and sex matched controls were enrolled for this study. Haematological parameters were determined by a 5-part autoanalyzer and plasma level of L-arginine was quantified by ELISA method. Data were analyzed and results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Result: The respondents consist of 33(55) females and 27(45%) males with a mean age of 29.4years (8.9). Haematocrit was significantly higher in controls than steady state, Plasma L-arginine was significantly reduced in SCA patients in steady state than controls. Conclusion: This study confirmed that there is reduction in L-arginine in SCA patients in steady state compared to normal HbA controls.

This work was carried out to investigate the changes in haematological and some of liver function parameters among abortive females after diagnosing toxoplasmosis-related symptoms in El-Beida City, Libya. Eighty seven abortive women during the period from October 2018 to March 2019 were chosen as a study group. These women were split into two groups when the antibodies of Toxoplasma was present. (IgG and/or IgM) (44 cases who positive with toxoplasmosis). The largest incidence was observed in age group 21-25 years followed by age groups 31-35 and 26-30. While the smallest incidence was observed in the age group, more than 46 years followed with age groups of less than 20 years. At age group 41-45, percentage of positive toxoplasmosis was found higher than negative toxoplasmosis. All positive cases, 50.6% of them was found to have IgG anti-toxoplasma antibodies sero-positive. 13.6% of total cases was mixed seropositive for IgG and IgM. These value of antibodies IgG/IgM were found statistically difference between positive and negative toxoplasmosis. Only, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and white blood cell count were decreased significantly in positive toxoplasmosis. Mean values of RBC count, HGB concentrations, percent of hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) were not statistically different in positive compared to negative cases. Lymphocytes (Lymph %) and mid cells total count (MID %) were increased and granocytes (Gran %) decreased slightly in positive toxoplasmosis without significantly deference. Meanwhile the mean platelets number (PLT) the volume occupied by platelets in the blood (PCT %), the mean platelet volume (MPV %) and platelets distribution width (PDW %) were changed without significant deference. In terms of blood group, the smallest incidence was discovered with blood group O and the largest incidence with blood group AB. The highest prevalence among individuals with blood group who have Rh-positive at same blood group. The mean levels of AST, ALT and ALP in the serum of the positive toxoplasmosis was decreased without significantly deference. These results were might give a better understanding about pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis.