Contaminated water may affect the health of millions of residents in the world. The main objective of this research work is to evaluate the drinking water quality in Sharg and Garb el-gash drinking water stations, which considered as important sources for civil uses, in Kassala city, eastern Sudan, during June 2016. For this purpose, chlorinated water samples were taken from drinking water pump station units and chemically analyzed at the laboratory of Kassala authority drinking water. The results revealed that, values of Acidity (7.5), Ammonia, Ammonium and Ferrous Cations; Nitrite, Nitrate, Fluoride and Chloride ions, Total Hardness were found to be: (0.03, 0.033, 0, 12.28, 0.03, 0.88, 0, 185) mg/l respectively. Turbidity were found to be 2.91 NTU, the results matched with both the Sudanese and world health organization standards. Hence, Kassala drinking water was free from chemical pollutants and almost suitable for domestic use.

Ivorian Cucurbitaceae seeds consumed in sauce find themselves in several varieties. Among the Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus lanatus species comprises four cultivars listed on the basis of the size and appearance of seeds (oval seed cultivar, large seed cultivar, average seed cultivar and small seed cultivar). To promote these crops, field trials in situ were carried out to show the diversity within the species. Works have been conducted on the characterization of physico-chemical properties of seeds, and almonds. The agromorphological analysis showed different fruits weight of 1135.45 ± 266.78 g, 1075.29 ± 336.89 g, 838.43 ± 184.15 g and 764.4 ± 242.3 g for COS, CBS, CAS and CSS cultivars respectively. The morphological characteristics of peeled seeds (almonds) and not peeled (whole seeds) varied significantly (P 0,05) of a cultivar to the other. The percentage of germination of seeds showed a significant difference (p 0,05) from a cultivar to the other one. So the percentages of germination were 62,81 % and 88,88 % for the cultivars CSS and CAS respectively. As for cultivars COS and CBS, the percentages of germination were 95,72 % and 90,72 %. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the characteristics of the seeds of Citrullus lanatus cultivars showed that cultivars CBS and COS were premature, produced big fruits containing big seeds contrary to the late cultivars CAS and CSS with small and average seeds. However, the shape of fruits of the various cultivars did not determine the size of their seeds.

Heavy metals are generally toxic to microorganisms, especially if they exist at high concentrations. Environmental pollution particularly in soil with heavy metals can stem from industrial activities or sewage discharges. In this study, Five different bacterial species Bacillus megaterium EMCC 1013, Rhizobium rhizogenes EMCC1743, Rhizobium leguminosarum EMCC1130, Azotobacter vinelandii and Nocardiopsis Dassenvillei were evaluated their potential activity in bioremediation of Zn (II). Our results showed that five bacterial species have great variation potential for zinc bioremediation. Bacillus megaterium EMCC has the highest capacity for bioremediation of Zn (II) 650 ppm with 99 % removal after 24 h with inoculum size 0.1 x 10 29 cfu and incubation temperature 300C at PH 7 and energy source glucose and ammonium oxalate as carbon and nitrogen source. The aim of our study was to evaluation the bioremediation capacity of zinc as heavy metals by five different bacterial species to use them in further study in removal of Zn (II) from plating waste water. In addition Bacillus megaterium EMCC as the most potent Zn (II) resistant microorganisms will very useful in biotechnology for the remediation of metal contaminated environments with Zn (II) and can also be used in the construction of biomarkers for the detection of zinc ions.

Occupational health and safety in the health sector has gained more importance over recent years. Education and work in hospitals that are involved in the 'very dangerous workplaces' class are valuable in supporting prevention of workplace accidents and occupational diseases. The aim of the study is to determine knowledge status of non-physician health personnel, to receive their opinions about their work and working environment, and to evaluate the occupational health and safety education within the context of the "Occupational Health and Safety". The study was conducted with non-physician employees in a university hospital. It was considered sufficient to reach 80% of the employees without using any sampling method. A questionnaire form was prepared as a data collection tool. Before the training, the questionnaire and the 'Occupational Safety Scale for Hospital Health Care Personnel' were completed. Interactive training was provided by the researchers later on. After the training was completed, a final test was conducted with 26 questions in the preliminary test. Descriptive statistics and tests appropriate for distribution of the variables were used to analyze the data. The limit value for significance was accepted as p <0.05. 61.7% of the participants were nurses and 38.3% were other hospital employees.