Providing a clear statistical analysis of news media confidence levels in a nation adds value to the integrity to the reported news as well as a basis for comparison among sources and the outcome may influence on the population’s approach and attitude towards the current happenings. Lebanon, a Middle Eastern nation, is under continuous scrutiny by other nations due to its continuous and recurring conflicts being political, social or armed conflicts related events which may influence its surrounding geopolitical environment. Although the United States of America, in particular, has been a leading country in what relates to news media and press accuracy and fairness studies, countries like Lebanon lack such assessments and reports. This study, exploratory in nature, using both parametric and nonparametric statistical testing assessed the news media in Lebanon by relying on a previously run poll questionnaire that was administered on nine time intervals along a time frame of four years. Its purpose was to assess and quantify the Lebanese news media and press accuracy and fairness. One important implication of the research was that it showed how parametric and non-parametric tests converge to offer a common assessment of the topic in question. This paper followed a streamlined research process capitalizing on a first hand treatise of the descriptive outcomes of 4850 questionnaires. Moreover, the paper presented reliability, validity and dependence analysis specific to the existing sample data. Results obtained match their reported counterparts mainly in the USA, where the percentage of negative news media assessment in Lebanon is estimated to be 64% which matches the 63% reported in the USA. Findings of this work add new insights to the academic community, academicians and researchers, policy makers in the private as well as the public news media institutions.

The retail sector in Indonesia has been undergoing strong growth in recent years. The retail sector itself sells products or merchandise of household uses, including daily necessities products, through a self-service method. This study uses five variables such as purchase decision, price, service quality, promotion, and lifestyle that aim to enhance the purchasing decision at retail IJC Mart during the coronavirus pandemic. This study used 100 respondents from Medan City, Binjai, and Deli Serdang Regency. The findings suggest that price and service quality have a positive effect on purchase decisions. Promotion leads to a decline in the effect of prices and level of service, and also lifestyle variables raise the influence of prices on customer purchasing decisions at IJC Mart during the coronavirus pandemic.