Bangladeshi shipbuilding is a growing industry. The last decade and half of shipbuilding in Bangladesh have experienced a good growth, and the next two decades promise even greater growth as 50% of the world's seafaring ships are more than 20 years old. Additionally, the fact that older shipbuilding countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, and European countries are only interested in building commercial ships above 25, 000 DWT means that countries such as Bangladesh have a greater scope for increasing market share. Bangladesh has ample manpower, however, lacks skilled shipbuilding technicians and machinists, as well as advanced shipbuilding designing technology and personnel. The industry is working hard to address these challenges to their businesses through increasing training and development programmes. Employee turnover, however, threatens to lead to loss of knowledge and financial loss from losing trained employees. The study has presented statistical results from experience survey of industry experts to reveal that HRM malpractice, in areas such as compensation, worker safety, and job security is a potential contributor to employee turnover in the Bangladeshi shipbuilding industry.

Product harm crises are devastating events in companies. They negatively effect on organizations and society. Present study was an attempt to investigate how consumers recognize such crisis situation and their repurchasing behavior. Ninety of undergraduates of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna were selected for the study by stratified random sampling technique. Yoghurt was taken as the main product category. A self-administrated, case-study based, seven point Likert scale survey questionnaire was employed to collect relevant data for the study. Data analysis was monitored by SPSS and descriptive analytical tools. Results showed that 62% of the respondents identified product harm crisis as a company fault, while 48.3% of sample identified it as a brand fault. Moreover, 36.67% of them recognized it as a consumer fault. In addition, 56.7% of the respondents were not going to repurchase the crisis brand and, 47.7% of the sample was not willing to pay for the crisis brand in future. However, 35% of the respondents were mentioned that the past brand performance is important when re-purchasing the brand after a crisis situation and, 40.03% of the sample stated that such crises will not negatively impact on the brand trust that they have been already built. Furthermore, 46.67% of the sample expected a compensation for the experienced crisis, while 32.2% of them demanding recompense more than the price of yoghurt. The study suggested the best strategy is to avoid productharm crises by implementing very careful business processes with sufficient checks and balances without harming the consumers. Moreover, as consumers willing to have compensation for the crisis, and the majority mentioned that the company is accused for the crises, compensating aggrieved parties is the most appropriate remedy for such situations.

Shipbuilding was once a flourishing trade along the coast of Bengal 400 years ago. Countries flocked to her shipyards to get the best wooden commercial and military ships available at the time. However, with the advent of the industrial revolution, the shipbuilders of Bengal lagged behind in the fabrication of the primary new construction material that was sweeping the world, namely steel. As a result of this lack of skill, Bengal rapidly lost her position amongst the great shipbuilders in the world. Today, Bangladesh has resumed the process of inheriting that lost heritage of shipbuilding. Being a young shipbuilding country of only 2 decades, Bangladesh has already started making ripples in the international shipbuilding market by fetching handsome orders from as far away as Europe and Africa. The prospects for future growth, based on industry analysis of the key forecasting variables, can only be labelled as positive. However, a lack of skilled shipbuilding personnel is hindering Bangladesh‟s chances in the global industry. This policy paper has presented numerous recommendations spanning the provision of „specialised training to foster the development of local human resource‟ to „recruitment of foreign skilled personnel‟ as means for supplying the local demand for skills. Additionally, joint industry action in areas such as training centres, university course development and labour supply forecasting has been promoted.

Saudi banks under the guidance of SAMA, had expanded their branch network, introduced stronger management methods and new technologies, raised new capital, improved their profitability and set aside large provisions for doubtful accounts. The aim of this paper is to analyze the capital adequacy ratio and its impact on Saudi Arabian Banking Sector. We compared the Capital Adequacy Ratio of Islamic and Conventional banks listed in Tadawul Stock. After analyzing the financial statements of the banks for five years (2013-2017) the present study concluded that. Alinma Bank had the highest mean among the Islamic Banks while Samba Bank had the highest mean among the Conventional Banks. The present study also studied the BASEL III norms of banks in Saudi Arabia. The two-way ANOVA test was applied to evaluate the financial performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks. Our results also indicate that there was no significant difference between the Capital Adequacy Ratio of the Islamic and selected Saudi Conventional Banks.

It is widely accepted that a safe and healthy workplace is key to ensure employee engagement. As manufacturing organizations are more prone to industrial accidents, the study focuses on the different employee health and safety initiatives taken by several garment factories of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study uses both primary and secondary data. A complete questionnaire was set for personal interview. OHS manual, audit reports, websites, journals, Labor Act 2006, text books, gov’t publications etc. are among secondary source used. Finding of the study does not portray something very good. Existence of short and poor quality policy, unfurnished medical room, same happens with the first aid boxes, problems with temperature, ventilation, noise and lighting etc. are most common complications. Although the government has taken several actions along with international bodies, effectiveness of those activities is questioned. A unique guideline for safety improvement, training arrangement for employees, close monitoring of safety and health issues can prove very effective. There is urgent need for consorted action in the sector that envisions a decent work environment.

Nigerian economy is largely dominated by a single commodity called crude oil or simply, oil. The management of revenues from this single commoditydriven oil sector has proven ineffective in driving the economy to the required level of development. As a result, the non-oil sector of the economy has been relegated to the background. This scenario, no doubt, indicates serious negative implications on the nation‟s development equation after five decades of oil exploration activities in Nigeria. The problems inherent in this dominating single commodity are that it is not only subject to international price shocks and unfavourable quota arrangement but also depletion. The predicted rate of depletion of the oil reserve has cast doubt on the sustained development of the oil sector. Available statistics show that a good percentage of Nigerians live in abject poverty, unemployment is double-digit and productivity is at its lowest ebb. The economic development periscope of Nigeria has turned towards the non-oil sectors and the promotion of diversification. Diversification does not occur in a vacuum. The paper is purely based on literature from secondary sources, mostly review of available reports, studies and conference presentations, and also conceptual issues. The objective of this paper therefore is to seek possible ways of diversifying the productive base of Nigerian economy in order to achieve sustainable development. It zeros in on „agriculture‟, „infrastructure‟ and „human capital development‟ as options for sustainable development in Nigeria.

The aim of this study is to show a brief analysis on credit sales for future services to protect the financial stability of businesses that offer them. An introductory review on the existing demand of future services is done, some theoretical basis on the concepts of savings funds, investment funds and future services are analyzed in order to understand their differences. Finally, a formula to estimate costs for future services is proposed in order to obtain the approximate costs of the services they are selling today to the moment when they are required in a future date and to make this profitable by using a financial scheme based on ordinary annuities.

The improvement of public service delivery involves capacity building in public servants. Training programmes are one of the most popular capacity building approaches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of these human capacity development programmes on public service delivery. The objectives of the study were to find out how training influence performance improvement in the public service. The research used descriptive research design with stratified random sampling to select the samples. The samples were picked through simple random sampling thus enabling all members of the target population to be represented. The target population comprised of 300 active members of the African Association for Public Administration and Management (AAPAM) and 20% of the target population formed the sample size. Questionnaires were used for data collection. The study found that training has a moderate positive influence on service delivery and this is attributed to effective training content and training methods. The study recommends adoption of proactive human capacity development strategies and incorporation of technology to enhance their positive influence on service delivery and mitigate on the negative influence to ensure efficient services are offered to the citizens.

This paper contributes to an understanding of the main factors and actors that create the imperative for educational change in the six member countries of the East African Community (EAC) and how governance dynamics reflect on their policy positions. The method of study is qualitative and uses mainly existing literature as a synthesis. The study notes that the main drivers of educational change in the region are national and political transformation agenda; foreign aid conditionality; the advent and revival of the East African Community; and patronage, clientelism and corruption inherent in the neo-patrimonial set-up of the state. The member countries of the bloc initially drew upon the imperative of nationbuilding back in the 1960s to assign value to educational change as intertwined with Independence from colonial rule. Orthodox reform later assumed greater prominence in the 1980s and 1990s as aid conditionality drastically undermined gains made in educational expansion. Reforms undertaken in late 1990s and 2000s have been in response to the quest for democratisation in East Africa. Amid the clamour for policy convergence on educational change, there is need for a regionwide process of mutual policy borrowing, considerable harmonisation of curricula for secondary & higher education, and increased student and staff mobility. The study concludes that the history of state formation, political competition and statesociety relations in the EAC points to a complex variable of macro policy convergence in educational change and governance that calls for consummate tact as the region seeks a market-mediated identity and contemplates political federation.

Performance of employees in any organization is one of the major determinants of profitability and sustainability. In any organization employees are major assets, they play a major role towards the organizations' success. There is the need for research to focus on the determinants of productivity and performance of employees in organizations. Career Advancement is many at times used to narrow the gap between the current performance and future expected performance. Empirical studies reveal that there is little research carried out on the link between career Advancement and employee performance in educational institutions. After the initial training many employees in Catholic Church managed schools have undertaken other trainings but have not moved up the ladder; rather they have stagnated at the same position with no or little to show in terms of career advancement. Catholic Church managed schools require employees who perform their duties well yet there is little to show in terms of promotions, students‟ results and advancement in these schools; lack of career advancement in these schools is still a problem. This paper presents a study on the effect of career advancement on employee performance in Catholic Church managed secondary schools in Meru Diocese Kenya. It adopts a descriptive research design since the researcher gathered both qualitative and quantitative data that describes the effect of career advancement in Catholic Church managed high schools in Meru Diocese. The target population includes all the 481 employees of all the Catholic Church managed high schools in Meru Diocese; this includes both the teaching and non-teaching staff.

The study is on the rate of Unemployment in Nigeria as a result of the failure of Public Enterprises. The objective of the study therefore is to identify the impact Public Enterprises failure had on Unemployment rate in Nigeria. This was achieved through the analysis of secondary sources of data and other documentary evidences on the issues. The study discovered that the failure of Public Enterprises in Nigeria had contributed immensely to the Unemployment rate. Conclusively, the Privatization of Public Enterprises in Nigeria had led to massive loss of jobs due to lack of stable trade unions that will negotiate workers disengagement or exit in accordance with the law. The study therefore recommended that in order to provide employment to the unemployed in Nigeria, Public Enterprises should be revamped and managed in the spirits of State Capitalism or purely on full commercialization basis.

Citizen Participation is one of the national values and is also a principle of public service. Moreover, quality of participation in financial matters both at the national and county levels is necessary to inform decision making and resource allocation. This study examined the factors affecting public participation in budgeting process in the County Government of Nandi. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine whether public participation forums affect budgeting process; to determine whether stakeholders’ involvement affects the budgeting process and to establish whether socio-cultural factors affect public participation in the budgeting process in the County Government of Nandi. The study was guided by agency theory, games theory and public choice theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design targeting 75 Community Based Organizations (CBOs) members who are residents of County Government of Nandi, 5 CBO officials and 5 officials from the Treasury and Economic Planning department in the County Government of Nandi. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select members of the stratus of the identified Community Based Organizations who were administered with structured questionnaires, while key informants CBO officials and officials from the Treasury and Economic Planning department were chosen through purposive sampling.

Agency banking is the business carried out by an agent on behalf of an institution as permitted by the banking act in 2010. Through agency banking, banks have been able to recruit other businesses with a nationwide footprint to offer banking services on their behalf, allowing them to have branches in areas that were not previously commercially viable. This study sought to establish the contribution of agency banking services to financial performance of commercial banks in Kisumu City; A case of Equity bank. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the contribution of withdrawal of cash through agents financial performance of Equity banks in Kisumu County; to analyze the contribution of deposits of cash through agents on financial performance of Equity banks in Kisumu City; to establish the contribution of fund transfers from one account to another through agents on financial performance of Equity banks in Kisumu City. The study was anchored on financial intermediation theory and it adopted a descriptive research design which involves quantitative technique. The population size was equity bank managers and banking agents in Kisumu City. Sample size was selected using cluster followed by random sampling where the 56 banking agents and 4 managers were the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed data using frequency distribution, percentages, and SPSS helped in multiple regressions. The study found that cash withdrawal, cash deposit and cash transfer as agency banking services contributed to banks performance and the influence was statistically positively significant on bank performance. The study recommends that more banks should implement agency banking helping them to tap into more deposits and withdrawal eventually increasing financial performance. Bank management should initiate training sessions for their agents to equip them with financial skills needed to run the agents effectively. Security enhances operations of agents; the study recommends that the government of Kenya should thus improve security to enhance operation of the agents‟ bank.

The effectiveness of processes of life insurance companies is the prime concern for policyholders to choose a particular insurance company. Here researcher attempts to analyze the effectiveness of process related strategies of public and private life life insurance companies in perambalur district with the objectives of analyzing claim settlement time, ease of claim settlement formalities and policyholders’ dependence of insurance agent or insurance company employee for claim settlement. Here researcher adopts descriptive research design and used wellstructured questionnaire for data collection. 100 samples each from both public and private life insurance companies are collected using simple random method. From the data analysis it is concluded that public life insurance company is effective in process related strategies than private life insurance companies.

Shariah Supervisors plays a significant role in the Islamic banking system, and it has a significant impact on their performance as well as stability. The study focused on the banking system and on the Shariah Supervisors as a significant element of it. The study aims at showing the impact of the Shariah Supervisors on the Islamic bank stability. It also exposes the significance to be Independent department in the completion of its decisions. The study concluded that Shariah Supervisors Interview and their responds are significant in the Islamic credit card, compliance of Shari‟ah requirement. The interfering of decision-making and as well as Supervisors are adversely affect for the Islamic credit card in Malaysia.

The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of the Zimbabwean tour operators with a view of ascertaining how these characteristics impacted on their adoption of information communication technologies. Quantitative method was used to gather data for the study utilizing self administered structured questionnaires. The study showed that the majority of the tour operators were small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) most of whom were family owned. It was concluded that the size and ownership characteristics of the tour operators precluded them from prioritizing adoption of information communication technologies. The study recommended that tour operators need to be empowered through ICT awareness training programmes.

The practice of Islamic credit cards today is still controversial among Muslim scholars particularly concerning to its contracts and as well as its efficiency to attain Maslahah. The Islamic credit card is very important and some studies have done on it. Conversely, studying about the contrast of the various product of Islamic credit cards practiced in Malaysia, although in the recent year is still limited. Consequently, this paper would like to undertake this concern by comparing the various products of Islamic Credit Cards in Malaysia. Islamic credit card known as Credit Card-i is such of the alternate banking products instigated through Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), also Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia to exchange the conventional credit card. This article aims on evaluating the bay‟ al-„Inah, Tawarruq as well as Ujrah development while practiced over Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) as well as Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia with Shariah compliance perceptions. The method used is explanative along with positive absorbed criticism which aims next to well the offered structure.

The purpose of this study examines the impact of transformational leadership, personality, job involvement to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) structural officials directorate general of teachers and education personnel of the ministry of education and culture. The research used quantitative method with survey approach. Research sample of 123 structural officials of echelon 4 are taken at random. Collecting data using questionnaires and data analyzed using path analysis. The results showed: transformational leadership had a direct positive and significant effect on OCB; personality had a direct positive and significant on OCB; And job involvement has a direct positive and significant effect on OCB; Transformational leadership has a direct positive and significant impact on job involvement; Personality has a direct positive and significant effect on job involvement; Transformational leadership has a direct positive and significant effect on the personality. Thus, in order to increase OCB to structural officials in the directorate general of teachers and education personnel environment, transformational leadership, personality, and job involvement need to be improved.

This research aims to investigate the influence of discipline, motivation, and job satisfaction on the organizational commitment in Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Nurul Hikmah. This population in this study there are 63 people who directly into the sample. The method used in this study is a descriptive method of problem solving by describing the object of research at the moment on facts, then analysis using tools Satistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 24.0. The research showed that the variables of discipline, motivation, and job satisfaction positive effect on the organizational commitment in Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Nurul Hikmah. Thus the three variables of discipline, motivation, and job satisfaction simultaneously (together) proved to be a positive effect and significant on the organizational commitment in Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Nurul Hikmah.

Present level of social media and its work driven approach has made a good platform in internet industry. Social media marketing has made good progress in relation to change and relative work model in varied social media sites with consideration importance to facts. Utilising social media for departmental development has made good progress relative to changing dynamics and other part of changing work atmosphere. Maintaining facts as per the relative to exposure of destinations evolved delivered model in tourism and other domestic and international count for countries to look further to 850 and 20million. States like Telangana in India has promoted things in information as a part of mission powerful process tourist hotspots encouraged things in presence of national tourism scenario. Present research paper is a case study on Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation’s initiatives taken for branding and positioning tourism in India and worldwide.