Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the strategies employed by female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia to overcome the challenges associated with running successful businesses across various sectors. Theoretical Framework: The literature reviews shows that the entrepreneurial endeavors of Saudi women appear to be dynamic and demanding, showcasing their resilience in choosing entrepreneurship as a career path. Design/Methodology/Approach: To conduct the analysis, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was utilized. Both primary and secondary data were gathered from women entrepreneurs in different states of Saudi Arabia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 100 female entrepreneurs involved in various small-scale business activities, such as apparel, fragrances, coffee shops, and boutiques. The major findings of the study is that majority of women (almost all 100 sample) taken for study have plans for future business expansion. Findings: The Saudi women also receive a lot of Government support for their business operations. It was also found that majority of Saudi women have invested more than 200000SAR initially. However, it is important to note the limitations of this research. The findings may not be readily generalizable beyond the selected sample. Research/Practical and Social Implications: The success of the Saudi Vision 2030 plan is believed to depend on a higher percentage of women in the labor force, and this objective has been achieved ten years ahead of schedule as more women are joining the workforce in recent years. Originality/Value: The article highlights the value of women's participation in business for the improvement of society at large. The study sheds light on the often-overlooked role of Saudi women as small business owners.

The purpose of this study aimed to examine the influence of financial flexibility on the firm value of listed non-financial corporations at the NSE in Kenya from the period 2011 to 2019. Specifically, this study examined the influence of cash holdings; debt capacity; and financing cost restrictions on firms’ value of listed non-financial companies quoted at the NSE. The study further examined the moderating role played by firm size in the association between financial flexibility and firm value of non-finance companies quoted at the NSE in Kenya. The study was underpinned by the free cash flow theory, the trade-off theory and the pecking-order theory. The study adopted a descriptive longitudinal research design and focussed on all the 37 non-financial listed at the NSE as of December 31, 2020. However, firms that were financially distressed as of the time of data collection did not form part of the study. As a result, only 31 firms with 272 firm-year observations formed part of the study. The study utilized panel data that was analysed using panel multiple regression analysis and aided by the STATA statistical package. To ensure the non-violation of statistical assumption and to allow for remedial action when a violation occurred, diagnostic tests were carried out. Hausman specification test results favoured the use of the random-effects model.

Abstract: This study was written with the aim of examining the effect of Perceived Quality, Social Media, Perceived Price, and Celebrity Endorsers on Purchase Intentions with Brand Image as a Mediation Variable on Idemu Custome Furniture Products in Jakarta. The population analyzed is all people who have an interest in buying Idemu furniture products, who understand Idemu products and know Idemu products in Jakarta. The calculation sample is calculated based on the number of indicators multiplied by 5, so that 215 respondents are obtained. The Structural Model was chosen as the method of analysis using PLS software. The results of the study show that Perceived Quality, Social Media, Perceived Price and Celebrity Endorsers have a positive effect on Brand Image. Brand Image, Social Media, Perceived Price have a positive effect on Purchase Intention, but Perceived Quality and Celebity Endorser have no influence on Purchase Intention.

In the dynamic global financial landscape, foreign exchange operations play a pivotal role in facilitating international trade and economic activities. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) has emerged as a significant player in the country's banking sector with a strong commitment to Shariah-compliant practices. Understanding the nuances of its foreign exchange operations is essential for assessing its contribution to the national economy. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the foreign exchange operations of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, focusing on its performance and adherence to Islamic principles. The research involved an in-depth examination of IBBL's foreign exchange operations, including documentary analysis, interviews with bank officials, and a review of relevant literature. Data on foreign exchange transactions, compliance with Shariah principles, and financial performance were analyzed. The study found that IBBL has demonstrated commendable performance in foreign exchange operations. It has successfully maintained a substantial share of the foreign exchange market in Bangladesh, accounting for over 20% of total transactions. Moreover, IBBL's strict adherence to Shariah principles in its foreign exchange activities has positioned it as a reputable Islamic banking institution. The bank's compliance rate with Islamic principles in foreign exchange dealings exceeded 90%, reflecting its commitment to ethical banking practices. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited has emerged as a prominent player in the foreign exchange market, maintaining both financial viability and adherence to Shariah principles. Its commitment to ethical and Islamic banking practices has contributed significantly to the country's economic growth. IBBL should continue to focus on enhancing its foreign exchange operations, ensuring strict adherence to Islamic principles, and expanding its market presence.

Innovation is a fundamental activity for product diversification and market expansion through the improvement of production processes and product quality. Understanding the causes that hinder innovation within organizations will allow the establishment of mechanisms to reactivate this important activity. With the aim of identifying the causes that hinder innovation in commercial and industrial organizations, the survey identified as CIS-4 was applied to 169 organizations in the state of Chihuahua, with 101 corresponding to organizations in the industrial sector and the rest in the services sector. The results showed cost as the main obstacle, followed by the knowledge factor. By applying the standard instrument for measuring innovation CIS-4, a comparison was made with the application to 20,747 companies in the countries of France and Italy, similarly obtaining cost as the main determinant hindering innovation. The results help us understand how innovation can be stimulated and supported.