The last global pandemic was Spanish flu in 2018 that lasted till April 2020 and Homoeopathy was used in the treatment of the Spanish flu [1]. With two consecutive subdued celebrations of World Homoeopathy Day on 10th April 2020 and 2021 due to the on-going COVID (Corona Virus Disease) 19epidemic or pandemic, it is time to re-reflect what Homoeopathy can offer at this stage as a therapeutic system. Currently in the second wave, Homoeopathy has been tried on COVID 19 patients but officially there is no standardized treatment plan unlike the modern medicine which has a treatment plan based on the hit and trial medicines. The current situation reflects that there is no cure to COVID 19 yet. It can be emphatically stated that Homoeopathy has proved its effectiveness in multiple viral diseases since its discovery in 1790. However, officially the AYUSH ministry through CCRH in January 2020 i.e., more than a year ago had offered the Homoeopathic medicine Arsenic Album- 30CH as a preventive medicine for COVID 19. The doses and frequency of the medicine are also clearly mentioned [7, 8]. The related press release of AYUSH ministry mentions that health advisory of AYUSH ministry includes Arsenic Album-30 as a possible preventive for flu like illness such as corona virus infection [7, 8]. India also confirmed its first Corona virus case in January 2020 [2].Unfortunately, when there is an actual need for the nation, there has been no official word from CCRH in 2021 regarding a treatment protocol when the pandemic has not only struck urban India but also rural India. Instead, two broad guidelines are issued for the Homoeopathic fraternity that suggests a group of remedies that are suggestive in nature [13, 14]. The current article focuses on the curative approach through a treatment protocol for the second and the upcoming third wave that Homoeopathy has the potential to offer in COVID 19 second and third wave. The cost effectiveness coupled with the therapeutic effectiveness of Homoeopathy can be applied to cover masses especially in rural India. Currently, COVID-19 has spread to rural India. Studies have indicated that the initial symptoms of COVID 19 disease leads to anosmia followed by fever, dry cough, respiratory distress through dry pneumonia respectively. The approach of treatment through the various stages has been dealt with in the article through application of multiple Homoeopathic medicines. The selected medicines are based on the principles of Homoeopathy using the text books of Homoeopathic Materia Medica. The article offers a treatment package/protocol for the second and upcoming third wave both for the urban and rural areas. Such strategies will not only offer to reduce hospitalization but also mortality and complications. Cases can be easily dealt at home where the Homoeopathic medicine does not allow the infection to spread to lungs while keeping the bowels in perfect shape thus enhancing the gut immunity.

Humanity has suffered from infectious diseases throughout history and the psychological burden of prolonged stress and uncertainty. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19), is one such pandemic that produced long-term mental as well as physical sequelae. During 2020, the year of COVID, the stress and anxiety about this life-threatening virus led to a surge of health recommendations and clinical research into mindfulness meditation as a coping strategy. This short communication is an exploratory review of international clinical trials investigating mindfulness-based complementary therapies to reduce COVID induced stress-related or mental health conditions: clinical trial frequency by country as well as frequent populations investigated, specifically, healthcare and non-healthcare samples.

The lack of treatment options for COVID-19 has led to many attempts to find alternative options to prevent the transmission of the disease or to control the progression of the infection. In this situation, there is a search for the remedies across the globe and has raised many concerns among the common people. In India, the world’s ancient medicinal system, Ayurveda has enough potential and possibilities to be employed both for the prevention and treatment of COVID19. This article presents the use of natural products and herbal extracts to increase immunity and decrease the probability of getting infected, as being practised by Anadayya.

This study was design to examine the acute toxicity of the 80% -ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules in healthy male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and phytochemical screening of the product. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Heath Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra for the analysis and others. The investigators at the University declared in their research report that the study was conducted at the Animal Experimentation Unit of the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS). College of Health Sciences, university of Ghana. On clinical Observation, the study conducted reports that the animals treated by the ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules (5000 mg/kg) did not show any observable abnormality in movement, salivation, sleep, lethargy, there was no signs of piloerection and mortality in comparison to the control group within the first 48 hours, and daily during the 14 days of the study. With regards to Lethal Dose Fifty (LD50), the study found that per monitoring the animals for 24, 48 hours and throughout the remaining 12 days, the group of rats treated by the ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules did not record any deaths. Hence, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules, when administered orally, is greater than 5000mg/kg. In conclusion, further studies involving long term administration of aqueous extract of CP Men capsules in different experimental rodents, including mice, will be needed to assess its safety for trial and use in humans. More renal function markers such as creatinine should be analyzed. The phytochemical screening also demonstrates that the herbal drug is of plant origin.

This study was design to examine the acute toxicity of the 80% -ethanolic extract of CP women capsules in healthy male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Heath Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, and Accra for the analysis. The investigators at the University declared in their research report that the study was conducted at the Animal Experimentation Unit of the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), College of Health Sciences, university of Ghana. On clinical Observation, the study conducted reports that the animals treated by the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules (5000 mg/kg) did not show any observable abnormality in movement, salivation, sleep, lethargy, there was no signs of piloerection and mortality in comparison to the control group within the first 48 hours, and daily during the 14 days of the study. With regards to Lethal Dose Fifty (LD50), the study found that per monitoring the animals for 24, 48 hours and throughout the remaining 12 days, the group of rats treated by the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules did not record any deaths. Hence, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules, when administered orally, is greater than 5000mg/kg. In conclusion, further studies involving long term administration of aqueous extract of CP women capsules in different experimental rodents, including mice, will be needed to assess its safety for trial and use in humans. More renal function markers such as creatinine should be analyzed.

This study was design to examine the Acute Dermal Toxicity, cumulative irritancy, Sub-Chronic Toxicity Test, delayed Toxicity Assessments and Microbial Quality Analysis of an Herbal drug for analgesic property as well as the phyto screening potential of the product. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology and others for the analysis at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, as part of the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) herbal drug registration protocol. The result proved that, the herbal product formulated for pain relief is safe to use in experimental animals and therefore could be safe to use as a topical application.

This study was design to examine the microbial and phytochemical property of MD Herbal Capsule as an immune booster. Six samples of the product were submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, as part of the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) herbal drug registration protocol. The result proved that, the herbal product as an immune booster is safe.

This study was design to examine the microbial load, phytochemical screenings and acute toxicity of GM Plus herbal drug mixture. Six samples of the mixture were sent to the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana for analysis. For the toxicity test, Sprague-Dawley rats were put into six rats in each group. Animals in all groups were immunized with 5.0*108 SRBC/ml after which each group was treated with either GM Plus (30,100 or 300 mg/kg p.o., daily) based on preliminary investigations, levamisole (10mg/kg, p.o, daily), dexamethasone sodium (4mg/kg, i.m, daily) or Normal saline. The result of the toxicity proved that, Levamisole and 30,100, and 300 mg/kg GM Plus treatment resulted in significant increases (p<0.001) in the HA titre and WBC count relative to the dexamethasone and no treatment groups. A differential count performed indicated an increase in neutrophil proportion of the total count in the GM Plus treated groups. With regards to the microbial analysis, the total microbial load of Gm Plus was within the acceptable limits (BP 2015; category C of herbal products) there were no pathogenic microorganisms present. The herbal mixture has complied with the BP specifications for microbiological quality. The product GM Plus is therefore safe for usage.

Objective: The aim was to assess the risk factors and prognosis of low birth weight at nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou, Mali. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective control case study from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Results: We recorded 160 infants of low birth weight out of a total of 2353 births or 6.8%. Adolescent girls were the most affected with 35% of cases compared to 16.9% for witnesses. Brides were the most affected in 80.6% of cases compared to 92.2% among witnesses. The main reasons for consultation were uterine contractions in 43.8%; metrorragia on pregnancy in 12.5% of cases and premature rupture of membranes in 10% of cases. Low birth weights were observed in discharged parturients in 35% of cases were compared to 8.1% of controls 36.25% of pregnant women who performed only one antenatal consultation (CP NV) had given birth to a low birth weight compared to 12.3% in controls and 60.63% of cases had not performed any NPCs compared to 4.3% in controls. Instrumental extraction was performed in 43% of cases compared to 15.6% in controls, and caesarean section in 26% of cases versus 5.9% in controls. It appears that both sexes were affected by low birth weight with a predominance of the male sex (56.9%) compared to women (43.1%). The main causes of neonatal death were among others: Respiratory distress with 62.22% and neonatal infections in 26.66%. Conclusion: Infants of low birth weight are a public health problem because of their high prevalence and the resulting adverse consequences.

Azanzagarckeana known as Kola of Tula is one of the vulnerable medicinal plant of Tula people in Gombe state, North Eastern Nigeria and are usually collected from the wild. In the present study the photochemical analysis and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of the steam bark of the plant were investigated. Methanol ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether and water were used as the extrants. Serial extraction using Soxhlet apparatus was used. The result of the study shows that the water extract indicate the presence of carbohydrate and flavonoid in appreciable amount, while the methanol extract showed the presence of flavonoid, cardiacglycoside and alkaloid in an appreciable amount. Tannins, phlobatannin, flavonoid, quinoline alkaloid were detected in the acetone extracts while saponnin and haemolytic activity were seen in appreciable quantities in the ethyl acetate extracts. The petroleum ether extract showed only steroid in an appreciable quantity. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using Disc diffusion method. Nine microorganisms; S. aureus, salmonella typi, E. coli, K. pneumonia, Klebsiella ssp, P. aeroginosa, Shigella dysentriae, Bacllus subtilis and Nissera gonorriea was used for the antimicrobial test. Ampiclox was used as standard reference drug. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the best antimicrobial activities by inhibiting the growth of eight of the test organisms. The methanol and acetone extract inhibited the growth of four microorganisms whereas the water extract inhibited the growth of three organisms. The petroleum ether was the least active extract because it inhibited the growth of only one organism. E. coli, S. aureus and salmonella typhi were the most sensitive organisms because they were susceptible to three organisms each.