Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) have been recommended in traditional medicine which has therapeutic effects for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. This study aims to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the chemical compounds contained in hexane, acetone, ethanol and water extract from avocado seeds. The results obtained from the qualitative test showed that avocado seed hexane extract contained fatty acids. Avocado seeds acetone extract contains fatty acids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. Ethanol extracts of avocado seeds contain phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Avocado seed water extract contains carbohydrates, phenols, and tannins. Quantitative tests of alkaloids are determined by the gravimetric method, as well as the ultraviolet spectrophotometer method for flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The results obtained from the quantitative test showed the total alkaloid content of ethanol extract was 0.435 %, the total flavonoid levels of acetone and ethanol extract were 0.1068 % and 0.1084 % respectively, the total phenol content of acetone, ethanol and water extracts were 0.0476 %, 0.0309 %, and 0.0494 % respectively. The total tannin content of acetone, ethanol and water extracts were 0.1989 %, 0.2044 %, and 0.1804 % respectively.

Medicinal plants have been used in virtually all cultures as a source of medicine. Asthishanharak (pacification of bones) [Cissus quadrangularis Linn.] belonging to Family Vitaceae is also popularly known as hadjod (bone setter) in Hindi. It is a perennial climber widely used in Ayurveda, for Pachana (digestive aid), Sara (relieves constipation), Athiyuk (strengthening bones), Vrishya (Aphrodisiac), Krumighna (destroys worms), Arshoghna (cures piles), Balya (provides strength), Amaghna (Relieves ama – a product of indigestion and altered metabolism), Kushthaghna (cures skin disorders) activities. It possesses calcium oxalate, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, β-sitosterol and 3-ketosteroids, also flavonoids like quercetin, and kaempferol. The stem has two unsymmetrical tetracyclic triterpenoids, onocer-7-ene-3α, 21β-diol and onocer- 7-ene-3β, 21 α –diol, two steroidal principles I and II, δ-amyrin, δ-amyrone. It has been reported to have bone fracture healing, Antioxidant, Free radical scavenging, Anti-microbial, Anti-fungal, Anti-bacterial activity, Anti-fungal, Anti- viral activity, Anti-ulcer activity, Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and stimulatory activity, Anti-obesity activity, Anti-pyretic activity, Anti-haemorrhoidal activity, Anti-tumour and cytotoxic activity, Anti-helminthic activity and Gastro-protective activities etc. Considering its therapeutic values, a review has been done to compile information on Ayurvedic aspect of Asthisanharak. Moreover Ayurvedic references, the present paper also emphasizes on its pharmacognostical studies, phytochemical constituents and researches conducted on this plant for its clinical and pharmacological evaluation which would be worthwhile to explore its unique features.

Sarcoidosis is a disease in which inflammatory granulomas cells are formed in the affected areas of body. Sarcoidosis, without a known aetiology commonly affects lymph nodes, lung tissues, skin, CNS, eyes, muscles, bone and heart. Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) an infiltrative granulomatous disease of the myocardium that may present in about 2-7% of sarcoidosis patients and more than 20% cases are clinically silent. CS patients may suffer from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, congestive heart failure, atrioventricular block, atrial or ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death. These symptoms are common in CS. The diagnosis could be done by using echocardiography, endocardiography, nuclear imaging like PET, CMR imaging and endomyocardial biopsy. Although randomized therapeutic trials have not been done but still corticosteroids (alone or combined with additional immunosuppressive medications) are usually used for the treatment. The natural approaches have also proved to be very beneficial for the management of the disease. These methods offer a cheaper, easily available and effective therapy devoid of side effects. The current manuscript mainly highlights the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, imaging techniques and therapies including the natural approaches to treat the disease.