Anthocleista vogelii (Loganiaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine in the Cameroon, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria and Guinea for the treatment diabetes. Hallea stipulosa (Rubuaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses such as hernia, metrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea, colic, psychosomatic disorder and diabetes. This study aims to determine the level of toxicity following the protocol of OECD guideline 423 after phytochemical analysis by using screening, High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and quantitative analysis of the extract’s total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoids contents (TFTs)were done using folin-ciocalteu and aluminiun trichloride test respectively. The evaluation of the hypoglycaemic activity and a hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extracts of the bark of Haleas stipulosa and Anthocleista vogelii. Combined at the concentrations 250mg / kg and 500mg / kg each at the respective proportions 50/50; 30/70; 70/30 using as a method the measurement of blood sugar every 30min for 3 hours. We obtained a yield of 11.65 for the extract of Hallea stipulosa and 10.2 for the extract of Anthocleista vogelii. The analysis of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, antocyanins and terpenoids, alkanoids and phenols. The Haleas stipulosa and Anthocleista vogelii fractions have a relatively high TPC of 95,78 ± 0,02 (mg EAG/g de ES), 169,66 ± 0,03 (mg EAG/g de ES), respectively and the TFTs of 62,93 ± 0,06 (mg EQ/g d'ES), 73,45 ± 0,05 (mg EQ/g d'ES) respectively. Acute toxicity tests in female rats at doses of 2000mg / kg and 5000mg / kg revealed no behavioral disturbances and no death. The administration of the combination of the aqueous extracts of the bark of the trunks of Hallea stipulosa at the concentrations of 250 mg / kg BW and 500 mg / kg BW produced a significant hypoglycaemic effect (P ˂0.05) in rats compared to the batches of rats positive controls. These results suggest that the combination of the aqueous extracts of the bark of the trunks of Haléas stipulosa and Anthocleista vogelii exhibits hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity at certaines concentrations.

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in several countries around the world. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of risk factors for the occurrence of types of malnutrition in children aged 6 to 59 months at the URENI of the CSRéf in Commune V. Method and Materials: Sampling was exhaustive; the sample size was 73 children. Results: The female sex was the most represented (55%), the most represented age group was 12 to 24 months (49.31%) and the majority of the children were not vaccinated. The mothers ranged in age from 20 to 34 years (64.38%), and were mostly uneducated, housewives (89.04%) and multiparous (64.4%). The most common form of SAM was marasmus (72.60%) and malaria was the most common pathology associated with severe acute malnutrition (54.8%). Risk factors for malnutrition included poverty (38%), food insecurity (20.5%), disease (13.7%) and poor diet (13.7%). A statistically significant link was found between the risk factors and the type of severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: SAM is common in the Commune V CSREF, and the risk factors for its occurrence remain dominated by poverty.

Background: All corneal diseases cause ocular morbidity and decrease vision, or even blindness, so early management intervention is critical. This study sought to evaluate several corneal disorders, including corneal foreign bodies, corneal tears, and ruptured globes. Methodology: This retrospective descriptive study was undertaken in El-Obeid Teaching Hospital's Ophthalmology Emergency Department in North Kordofan State, Sudan, as well as Dr. Khalil's Ophthalmology Center. This study sample, which represents the entire corneal illness, was obtained from 1000 patient files for various eye conditions. Results: This study examines 205 patients with corneal disorders to assess the prevalence of corneal diseases in North Kordofan State. The study found that the disease is more common in males, with 48 out of 78 patients (62%) being male and 38% being female. The male-to-female ratio is 1.6:1. The age group that is most affected is the group of individuals younger than 9 years, accounting for 34% of the affected population. This is followed by the age groups of 10–20 years, 21–32 years, 33–53 years, and >54 years, which account for 24%, 18%, 14%, and 9%, respectively. Regarding the classification of corneal disorders, the most prevalent form is foreign body corneal disease, accounting for 38% of cases. This is followed by corneal tear (16%), corneal opacity (15%), corneal tear with iris prolapses (10%), bacterial corneal ulcer (7%), and rupture globe (6%). The incidence rates of viral corneal ulcers, chemical trauma, burn trauma, and keratoconus are 3%, 3%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. Conclusion: Eye trauma is prevalent in north Kordofan, leading to an upsurge in corneal illnesses including foreign body cornea, corneal tear, and ruptured globe.