We investigated the effects of garlic extract on the peripheral blood immune cells in mice treated with the extract for twenty days. The study was carried out on ten male ICR mice. The mice were divided into two groups. The control group received a distilled water and garlic extract group in which the mice received garlic extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg. b.w, for twenty days. Blood samples were collected on day ten and day twenty post inoculation (p.i) for differential leucocytic count (WBCs count and Lymphocytes %) and flowcytometric analysis. In comparison to the control group, garlic extract treatment induced a significant increase in WBCs count and lymphocytes percentage on day 10 and day 20 p.i. Furthermore, garlic extract administration to the experimental mice caused significant increase in the expression percentage of CD4, CD8 and γ-δ T cells when analyzed by flowcytometry on day 10 and increased dramatically on day 20 p.i. The WBCs count and lymphocytes percentage as well as the percentage of the expressed cells increased on day 20 more than their levels on day 10 p.i with a fixed dose of garlic extract. In conclusion, inoculation of garlic extract induced an increase in the immune responses of the cellular immunity in the peripheral blood circulation of mice.

This paper explored the sociocultural, tradimedical, and religious relevance of henna in the Hausa land. The scope is limited to the old Sokoto province, now comprising three states. The research employed a survey method to obtain data from two strata sampled populations through one-to-one interviews. The research has found henna to be a shrub of enormous value and great relevance in the Hausa culture. That includes its relevance and values in different domains of life, including health, religion, as well as socio-economic dealings. However, despite the numerous uses of the henna plant in Hausa culture, it is observed that henna plant cultivation has greatly reduced. Its usage is almost substituted with modern artificial products. It is gradually getting extinct as its cultivation has greatly reduced in most areas of the region (Sokoto province). The paper finally suggested among others that the government and other relevant parastatals should see to the reviving and modernizing the traditional practices, including by supporting the local farmers, conducting clinical research on the product, as well as technologically processing it.