Background: This comparative study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 25 µg of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical cerviprime gel in terms of efficacy of drug, foeto-maternal outcome, side effects and complications of drugs. Methods: 100 primigravida at term; who were admitted for induction of labour were included in this study. They were randomly selected to receive either intravaginal misoprostol or intracervical cerviprime gel. 50 women received intravaginal 25 µg Misoprostol (Group A) every 6 hours for maximum of 5 doses and 50 women received 0.5 mg (2.5 ml) of intracervical cerviprime gel (Group B) till maximum of 3 doses. Comparison was done in terms of time taken for induction to delivery, mean time taken for onset of labour, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes and the neonatal outcome in either of the groups. Results: The mean time taken for onset of labour was less in the misoprostol group than in the cerviprime group (6.5 hours v/s 8 hours, P = 0.49). Similarly duration from induction to delivery was less (20.08 ± 8.24 hours v/s 23.19 ± 9.59 hours, P >0.05) for misoprostol than cerviprime gel. Need for Oxytocin augmentation was less (16%) in misoprostol group as compared to cerviprime group (46%), P = 0.001. Cesarean section rate was slightly higher in misoprostol group (8% v/s 6%). Maternal complications were minimal in either group & the neonatal outcome was good in both the groups. The induction cost was much less in the misoprostol group. Conclusions: Compared to cerviprime gel; misoprostol is safe, efficacious, cheap, well tolerated drug by mother and fetus. It was found to be a better inducing agent, has short induction to delivery interval thus short duration of labour with similar maternal and fetal safety profile.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive values of urinary calcium creatinine ratio and microalbumin in pregnancy for detection of patients who are going to develop pre-eclampsia. Methods: Spot urine samples were taken in 150 asymptomatic pregnant women between 20-28 week of gestation to determine Urinary calcium creatinine ratio and micro-albuminuria in outpatient department of TRS, hospital. The statistics was analyzed using Chi square test and t test for determine the significant association of clinical findings of pre-eclampsia to CCR and micro-albuminuria. The predictive values of CCR equal to 0.04 or < 0.04 and microalbuminuria were determined by Area under Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) for pre-eclampsia. Results: The Calcium to creatinine Ratio found to be a good diagnostic test for prediction of pre-eclampsia with sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 83%, 96%, 75%, and 98% respectively. The statistical accuracy of 95% and significant p value of <0.001. The microalbuminuria is came out to be fair diagnostic test to prediction of pre-eclampsia with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 65%, 86%, 42% and 94% respectively. Conclusion: CCR to be recommended as a good screening test for prediction of preeclampsia at cut off value of 0.04 in spot urine sample of all pregnant women without any symptomatology while microalbuminuria is a fair test for same at present.

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study is to present the findings of different pelvic organs by laparoscopy in cases of infertile patient and correlate the infertile patient and correlate the infertility with the following factors: Ovaries – whether ovulation occur or not or any other pathology, Tubes-whether normal or any pathology, If there is any pelvic adhesion, mass or collection, Uterus normal or any abnormalities, Other pathology. Methods: The study group comprised 200 cases of infertile patients who were admitted and treated in the department of Gynecology and obstetrics in BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2000 to December 2001. This patient includes both primary and secondary infertility cases, and the patients of 20-40 years ages were included in this study. Those patients whose husbands had abnormality in semen analysis were exclude from this study and also the patients whose age were above 40 years and below 20 years were also excluded from the study. Before Admission, assessment of these patients was carried out carefully before starting the endoscopic procedures. A full history was taken which was followed by thorough general, abdominal and pelvic examinations then Laparoscopy was performed under general anesthesia. Results: The mean age ranged from 20 to 40 years. Among them 114 (57%) patients were aged between 21 to 30 years. Laparoscopic findings showed that 138 (69%) patients had normal uterus while 62 (31%) had abnormalities of uterus. Among them 18 (9%) had uterine myomas. Right tube One hundred and fourteen (70%) had normal tubes and left tube one hundred and thirty six (68%) had normal tubes. Peritubal adhesions of right tube were 20 (10%) and Peritubal adhesions of left tube were 22 (11%), bilateral tubal block had 6 (3%). One hundred and forty four (72%) patients had normal pelvic peritoneum, 26 (13%) had pelvic adhesions, probably from pelvic inflammatory diseases and 10 (5%) had frank endometriosis. One hundred (50%) had normal ovaries, 48 (24%) in right side & 46 (23%) in left side had polycystic ovaries (PCO), 10 (5%) in ride side & 12 (06%) in left side had periovarian adhesions 10 (5%) in right side & 12 (06%) in left side had simple ovarian cysts and 10 (5%) in right side & 12 (06%) in left side had endometriotic (chocolate) cysts. Conclusion: Ovarian pathology was the highest pelvic abnormality (80%) followed by uterine pathology 31% & tubal pathology 24%.

Vaccination is method used to protect against several disease. Therefore, mother must take care to vaccinate their children to protect them from these disease. The aim of this study was to assess mother’s knowledge of vaccination with children under the age five at Goz nafisa clinic, Omdurman, Khartoum stat, Sudan, during the period from march to may. The study included the “100”sample of mothers who attended the clinic during that period and then collected the data using questionnaire designed for study purposes. And then the analysis of the data using statistical package for social sciences. The result of the study showed that the age group from 30__40 ‘and their level of education was respectively 54%, 61%, of the study sample. The study showed that the mother with knowledge of the time of vaccination and types of vaccine, and knowledge of the symptom that occur after vaccination, and those who agree that vaccination protects against the incidence of disease were their proportion respectively 51%, 96%, 99% of the study sample. Also explained that mother who have knowledge of benefits of the vaccination, and the cases that not vaccine the child, and cases in which the child is vaccinated against measles at the age 6 month was respectively 79%, 80%, 12%. The study found that mothers had a moderate knowledge of vaccination time and type and good knowledge about complication can occur after vaccination. The study recommended establishing continuous health education program of all mother in the village.

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a benign pathology of the uterus. It is characterized by a leiomyocytes proliferation in the lumen of the myometrial and pelvic veins. Prognosis is related to its hormonal dependence and its potential vascular extension. Surgical excision must be complete to avoid recurrence’s risk. In the light of a 31-year-old nulliparous patient case report, with a pelvic mass developed at the uterus, which histological examination confirmed the IVL diagnosis, we will discuss the clinical, evolution, prognosis and management features of this rare variety of myoma.

Background: Gestational thrombocytopenia (defined as a platelet count below 150 x 109 /L) occurs in 5% to 10% of pregnancies. Thrombocytopenia is the second leading cause of blood disorders in pregnancy after anemia. A low platelet count is often an incidental feature, but it might also provide a biomarker of a coexisting systemic or gestational disorder. Timely analysis is needed to determine the primary cause of thrombocytopenia, and appropriate therapy should then be selected to effectively improve the prognosis of the pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders accounts for 33% of all the cases of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary institute over a period of one year, from April 2020 to March 2021. This is a retrospective study of indoor patients admitted with the low platelets in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital. All Pregnant women with platelet count less than 150 x 109 /L were included in the study. Results: Most of the cases presented during 34-38 weeks of gestation. The most common etiology of thrombocytopenia at our place was found to be pregnancy induced hypertension. Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy may occur secondary to a variety of causes. Most of these cases occur during specific periods of gestation. Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy if timely diagnosed do not cause any mortality, however management of these patients require a multidisciplinary approach and close collaboration between obstetrician, physician, and neonatologist.

Menopause is an endocrinological transition that greatly affects health and disease susceptibility in middle-aged and elderly women. To gain new insights into the metabolic process of menopause, plasma metabolic profiles in 60 pre- and post-menopausal women were systematically analysed by biochemical methods in conjunction with univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Biochemical markers signatures revealed considerable differences between pre- and post-menopausal women, and clear separations were observed. In total, five metabolites were identified as potential biochemical markers for menopause, including serum calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. These differences highlight those significant alterations occur in serum metabolism, biochemical reactions, hormone imbalance in post-menopausal women. In conclusion, our plasma biochemical study provides novel understanding of the metabolic profiles related to menopause, and will be useful for investigating menopause-related diseases and assessing metabolomic confounding factors.

Background: The secondary postpartum hemorrhage occur in 1% of woman and is associated with primary PPH and retained placenta and may result significant maternal morbidity. Objective: To determine predisposing factor and usual management pattern of Secondary PPH. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among secondary PPH patients admitted in the Obstetrics and gynaecology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital during September 2011 to February 2012. A total 100 patients were taken as sample by non probability purposive sampling technique. Result: Secondary PPH was more common in multiparous woman 75(75%) and lower in primigravida 25(25%) Conclusion: Routine Ante Natal Care motivation for hospital delivery and active management of 3rd stage of labour with aseptic precaution may reduce secondary PPH as well as maternal morbidity and mortality.

Background: Adolescence is the most critical phase of human growth that radically alters the physiology of the body and wherein any inconsistency can lead to serious health consequences in adulthood. In adolescents, the haematological and biochemical parameters change with age, necessitating a continuous age-related definition of the reference intervals. This prospective study aimed to examine the utility of new haematological and biochemical markers to assess nutritional status and possible health risks in children, adolescents and adult boys. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a sizeable group of 90 male participants aged between 10–22 years to inspect the distribution of values of common haematological and biochemical parameters. Anthropometrical measurements were carried with standard protocols, and blood samples were collected from participants in a hospital setting. Haematological samples were measured using pathology laboratory protocols. Hepatic, renal, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism markers were determined by following standard biochemistry methods. Results: We observed some differences between haematological parameters, hepatic, renal, lipid and glycaemic profiles among children, adolescents and adults. Amongst lipid parameters, only HDL levels were significantly associated with gender following puberty (p< 0.001), the calculated BMI levels were in the lower normal range. Conclusions: This is the first study establishing haematological and biochemical parameters in this part of India. These findings provide a helpful guide for clinical researchers and care providers. Studies on a large scale and in different settings would also be desirable.