Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours are uncommon and it occurs mainly in adolescent age group1, and very rarely in post-menopausal period. Clear cell carcinoma ovary occurs in older age groups [1]. They occur either in pure form or maybe associated with other types of germ cell neoplasm. Yolk sac tumours rarely coexists with epithelial carcinoma, and is rare in post- menopausal women. Here we report a case of 60-year-old post-menopausal women with bilateral ovarian malignancy which contained components of clear cell carcinoma and yolk sac tumour. Such a combination of tumours are rare [2].

Background: Improvement in ultrasonography over the years have allowed visualization characterization of fetal morphology. Objective: The study was aimed at determining the awareness and acceptability of ultrasound gender determination among women attending the antenatal care clinic of the Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross sectional study where pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling. The data was collected using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Relevant information was obtained. A P value <0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 200 women recruited, (57%) were within the age group of 20-29 years with a mean age of 28.2 + 5.436. They were mostly (52.5%) housewives and the Hausa/Fulani ethnic group constituted the majority 141(70.5%). They were mainly, 161(80.5%) Muslims and mostly, 92(46.0%) had tertiary education. About half, 101 (50.5%) belonged to social class 3 and 76 (38.0%) were multiparae. About 84 (42.0%) of them had no female children and 75 (37.5%) had no male children. Majority, 159 (79.5%) were aware that pre-natal gender determination can be assessed using ultrasound. Among them, 130 (65%) were willing to know the babies’ gender. There was statistically significant association between awareness of prenatal ultrasound gender determination and social class of the respondents (P = 0.001). Among them, 55 (43.3%) needed it to prepare for delivery. Conclusion: Awareness and acceptance of ultrasound gender determination is high among the study population. Acceptability depend on the clients’ social class.

Introduction: Although maternal mortality remains a public health issue, maternal death in actual number is less in community. As maternal death in itself is not sufficient to assess the level of health care concept of Near miss is introduced by WHO, though yet not widely adapted in reviews across our nation and being overcome by wide variety of high risk pregnancies. Objective: To determine frequency and nature of near miss events among pregnant women. 2. To compare nature of near miss pregnancies with high risk pregnancies. Methodology: A Case Control study of cases of near miss and high risk pregnancies which occurred over one year duration between 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019 at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Govt. Medical College, Vidisha (M.P.). Near Miss definition was based on validated disease specific criteria comprising of diagnostic categories: haemorrhage, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, anemia, sepsis, hepatic encephalopathy and other indirect causes. Near miss cases were determined for various disease processes and compared with high risk cases to assess the need for change in approaching these pregnancies. Result: There were 5993 deliveries and 7 maternal deaths. Significant difference was observed in characteristics of near miss and high risk pregnancies. Conclusion: Our review shows that beside the women who died due to pregnancy related complication, there were many additional women who received critical care during the same period and survived. Hospitals in India could benefit by including near miss investigations in their approach to all high risk pregnancies.

Pre-eclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension), fluid retention (oedema) and excessive protein levels in the urine (proteinuria). These symptoms are not evident during the early stages of pregnancy and as such preeclampsia can be difficult to diagnose. It is only detectable by regular antenatal checks on maternal blood pressure and urine, and as such women without access to adequate healthcare services are particularly at risk. This study intended to assess the knowledge regarding Pre-Eclampsia Toxemia among antenatal mothers. A descriptive study was conducted in primary health centre outpatient department at Karanchavadi with 50 samples who were recruited by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data gathering was carried out with a semi structured questionnaires and the major findings of the study reveals that 8 (16%) had adequate knowledge, 15 (30%) had moderate knowledge and 27 (54%) had inadequate knowledge on Pre-Eclampsia Toxemia among antenatal mother. There are significant associations between levels of knowledge with demographic variables such as age and occupation. The study suggests creating the awareness among the antenatal mothers by an awareness among antenatal mother help in improve their health.

Objectives: Pre-eclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disorder. It is an important cause of maternal mortality in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria and is associated with a five-fold increase in perinatal mortality. Identifying modifiable factors to decrease oxidative stress in the pregnant woman’s environment may be an inexpensive and non-invasive therapy for decreasing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia. This study aimed at comparing the levels of 3 oxidative stress markers; glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4 antioxidants (Catalase, Vitamins A, C and E) in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women in Sokoto. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 199 normotensive and 201 preeclamptic women attending the antenatal clinics or admitted to the pre-eclamptic/eclamptic wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto or Specialist Hospital Sokoto. Structured questionnaires were administered and relevant information obtained. Blood samples were obtained by standard laboratory techniques and assayed for the oxidative stress markers and antioxidants. Statistical analysis was by GraphPad InStat Software (version 3.0) San Diego, USA. Results: The mean levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and GPX were increased in the preeclamptic women (3.44±1.25 and 71.53 ± 26.02) when compared to controls (3.024±1.08 and 62.58 ± 22.45) respectively (p=0.00) while SOD was decreased in the cases (13.00±15.27) when compared to the controls (57.21 ± 38.08) p=0.00. The antioxidant Vitamins A and C were significantly decreased in the preeclamptic women (1.52±1.68 and 0.14±1.33) p=0.00 while Catalase was increased (50.93±36.22; p=0.00). Conclusion: The results of this study are in agreement with most previous studies which showed that markers of lipid peroxidation were increased in the plasma of women with preeclampsia. Follow-up studies, are needed to enable us arrive at the certain conclusion that interventions with antioxidants and vitamins may be the panacea to this disease in our sub-region.