Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Despite its severity, the pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains poorly understood, and early diagnosis is a significant challenge. This prospective case-control study aimed to investigate the potential of serum endoglin (sEng), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as diagnostic biomarkers for preeclampsia. The study was conducted at Asaba Specialist Hospital, a tertiary hospital with Antenatal Clinic in Delta State, Nigeria. Sixty participants (30 preeclamptic (on set) and 30 healthy pregnant controls (during clinic) was determined using G*Power Software and were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after approval was obtained from the Ethical and Research committee of the hospital and informed consent taken from participants. Blood samples were collected and stored at above -20°C until analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. The main findings of this study were that sEng, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in women with preeclampsia compared to controls (p < 0.05). The ratio of sEng, IL-6, and IFN-γ between preeclamptic patients and healthy controls was 4:1, 2:1, and 2:1, respectively. The ROC analysis reveals an excellent diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99 for sEng, IL-6, and IFN-γ respectively. This demonstrates the potential of serum endoglin, IL-6, and IFN-γ as diagnostic biomarkers for preeclampsia. The findings support their use in clinical practice to improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of preeclampsia with regards to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and immune dysregulation and may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for preeclampsia, providing avenues for the prevention and treatment of the condition.

Thrombocytopenia is the second most common haematological finding in pregnancy next to anaemia. Platelet count below 1.5 lakh/cu mm. It carries a risk for both the mother and the fetus, associated with substantial maternal or neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, a specific therapy, if instituted promptly, improves the outcome for affected patients and their offspring. In patients in India, thrombocytopenia during pregnancy is an under explored condition. After taking consent from patients detailed history of period of gestation, high risk factors, past history, complications-during present and past pregnancy. History of petechiae, bruising, drug usage, viral infection, thrombocytopenia in previous pregnancy will be taken. General, systemic and obstetric examination will be done. All women platelet count estimation at the time of enrollment. Platelet count assessment will be done through automated blood count analyzer with routine antenatal hematological evaluation of the patient. In this study, there were 53.3% cases of mild thrombocytopenia, 33.4% of moderate thrombocytopenia and13.3%with severe thrombocytopenia. Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common etiology .60 % of cases delivered at term, those delivered before term were mostly due to abruption or pregnancy was terminated for obstetric indications like severe preeclampsia, antepartum eclampsia, abruption or medical causes. Mode of delivery is not influenced. GT is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy (70%).

Background: Post-operative pain management following cesarean section remains a critical determinant of maternal recovery, psychological well-being, and early bonding with the newborn. Nurses, being the frontline caregivers, play an essential role in assessing, managing, and evaluating pain among post-cesarean women. Objective: This study explores the role of nurses in post-operative pain management after cesarean section at Aster Sanad Hospital, Riyadh, with a focus on practices, challenges, and patient-reported outcomes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2025 among post-cesarean women admitted to Aster Sanad Hospital. A structured questionnaire, including validated patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and nurse-reported practices, was administered to 450 participants (response rate: 92%). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative narratives were thematically analyzed to capture patient perceptions. Results: Most patients (78%) reported moderate-to-severe pain within the first 24 hours post-surgery. Effective pain relief was strongly associated with timely nurse interventions (p < 0.05). Nurses employed multimodal strategies including pharmacologic management (NSAIDs, opioids, regional anesthesia follow-up) and non-pharmacologic techniques (positioning, breathing exercises, emotional reassurance). Patients rated nurse responsiveness and communication as critical factors in satisfaction with pain relief. However, barriers such as high workload, inconsistent protocols, and limited time for individualized care were identified. Conclusion: Nurses play a pivotal role in ensuring effective pain management after cesarean section. Strengthening nurse-led interventions, standardizing pain assessment protocols, and providing continuous training in pain management strategies can enhance patient outcomes and overall quality of care.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy, though often asymptomatic, has been associated with a range of maternal and fetal complications in various studies. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy complications in a tertiary care hospital setting. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy complications in a tertiary care hospital setting. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from September 2015 to February 2016 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Fifty pregnant women (25 subclinical hypothyroid, 25 euthyroid) were enrolled based on set criteria. Data on demographics, clinical history, and thyroid function were collected and participants were followed through pregnancy to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data were analyzed with SPSS v20. Results: Among 50 pregnant women, subclinical hypothyroidism cases were older (29.16±6.45 vs. 26.16±4.85 years) with lower socioeconomic status (p=0.035). Obstetric (preeclampsia 24% vs. 4%) and medical complications (GDM 32% vs. 12%) were more frequent but not significant. Cases showed more anemia (48% vs. 44%), oedema (28% vs. 8%), and hypertension (28% vs. 16%). Fetal outcomes included 4% intrauterine death in cases. Low Apgar scores, low birth weight (36% vs. 20%), and neonatal complications like asphyxia (36% vs.16%) were higher in cases, without significant differences. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with increased risks of maternal and fetal complications, underscoring the importance of vigilant monitoring.

Background: Genital prolapse is a common gynecological condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of women, particularly in low-resource settings. It is strongly linked to multiparity, traumatic or unattended home deliveries, and advancing age. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and postoperative complications of genital prolapse among women attending a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2007 to December 2007. A total of 100 women diagnosed with genital prolapse were enrolled. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, obstetric history, clinical features, management, and postoperative outcomes, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The patients’ ages ranged from 25 to 80 years (mean 50.86 ± 11.52), with the highest proportion in the 51–60 years group (33%). Most women were from low socio-economic backgrounds (62%). Home delivery was predominant (89%), and the majority of deliveries were conducted by traditional birth attendants (81%). All patients reported the classical symptom of something coming down per vagina, with urinary complaints (62%) being the most common associated symptom. The vast majority underwent vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair (95%). Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with 96% experiencing no complications; minor complications included urinary tract infection (2%), per-vaginal bleeding (1%), and pyrexia (1%). Conclusion: Genital prolapse in Bangladesh is strongly associated with low socio-economic status and home deliveries by untrained attendants. Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair remains the most effective treatment, with excellent postoperative outcomes.

Background: Cervical carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in developing countries, where screening facilities are often limited. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic profile, reproductive characteristics, clinical features, risk factors, and histopathological patterns in VIA-positive women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from July 2007 to December 2007. This study included 100 VIA positive women attending the OPD of Obstetrics and Gynaecology during the study period. Results: Most participants were aged 30–39 years (49%), resided in urban areas (64%), and were predominantly housewives (77%). Nearly half (48%) had parity between 3–4, and three-fourths (75.3%) experienced their first delivery before 20 years. The mean age of menarche was 12–13 years. Excessive vaginal discharge (54%), dyspareunia (44%), and backache (30%) were the most frequent complaints, while 35% were asymptomatic. Major risk factors included early age at first coitus (78%), early childbirth (75.3%), and high parity (61%). Histopathological findings revealed normal results in 25% and inflammation in 23%, while 29% had CIN I, 12% CIN II, 6% CIN III, and 5% invasive carcinoma. Overall, 52% had pre-invasive or invasive lesions. Conclusion: The findings highlight early sexual debut, early childbirth, and high parity as key risk factors for cervical pathology in VIA-positive women. Strengthening cervical cancer screening and awareness programs is essential for early detection and prevention.