Background: Obstetric fistula remains a significant public health issue in low-resource settings, with high prevalence in countries like Bangladesh. The condition often results from prolonged, obstructed labor, compounded by socio-cultural factors such as early marriage, financial constraints, and lack of access to skilled birth attendants. This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes of women undergoing fistula repair at a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This observational descriptive study included 62 women who underwent obstetric fistula repair between September 2010 and September 2012. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, fistula details, and surgical outcomes through a structured booklet completed at various stages of patient care. Surgical success, complications, and post-operative outcomes were analyzed to identify factors influencing recovery and success rates. Result: The study found that 100% of participants were married at an early age, with significant financial barriers reported by all. A majority (87.10%) had home deliveries attended by unskilled birth attendants. Surgical repair was successful in 88.71% of cases, with a small proportion (11.29%) of unsuccessful repairs. Residual stress incontinence was noted in 4.84% of participants. The mean hospital stay was 17.52 days, with 95.16% of participants requiring continuous catheterization for 7 to 10 days. Conclusion: The high success rate of surgical repairs is promising, but the persistence of socio-cultural barriers and residual complications highlights the need for improved access to maternal healthcare and enhanced post-operative care. Addressing these issues is critical for reducing the burden of obstetric fistula and improving outcomes for affected women.

Presentation with a highly infiltrated malignant lesion often leads to unfavorable outcomes. This woman exhibited an advanced form of cervical cancer that had spread to the surrounding tissue, which might involve the urinary bladder. Due to the Sudan War in 2023, there was a lack of oncological therapy. In response, we implemented palliative surgery, which yielded positive results.

The aim was to assess the frequency of fetal death in utero; to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients; to identify risk factors for IUD; to describe its management and to determine the maternal prognosis. Material and Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study of the prospective case/control cohort type from June 2021 to May 2022, i.e. a period of 12 months in the maternity ward of the Koutiala reference health center. Results: Fetal death in utero concerned 85 deliveries out of a total of 3024 deliveries, i.e. a frequency of 28.11 ‰. The epidemiological profile is that of a poor person (37.6%) between 25 and 29 years of age (31.8%), with a pregnancy of 28 to 37 weeks of amenorrhea; they came on their own in (64.7%) of cases. If, in 5.9% of cases, the cause of fetal death was not known in the study; arterial hypertension was the most common etiology with 37.6% of cases. Patients gave birth vaginally in 89.4% and presented complications of infections (endometritis) in 10.6% of cases.

Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy with significant implications for women's health. Mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) has emerged as a critical factor influencing the pathogenesis and prognosis of EC. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of MMRd EC in a Bangladeshi cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2022 to February 2023. A total of 49 patients with histologically confirmed EC were included. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and patient records. Results: Among the 49 patients, 67.35% (n=33) were MMR proficient, while 32.65% (n=16) were MMR deficient. The mean age was 55 years for MMR proficient and 55.6 years for MMR deficient patients. Hypertension was present in 69.70% of MMR proficient and 75% of MMR deficient patients, while diabetes mellitus affected 54.55% of MMR proficient and 62.50% of MMR deficient patients. MMRd patients showed higher rates of adnexal involvement (37.50% vs. 6.06%, p=0.010) and metastasis (37.50% vs. 9.09%, p=0.024). Multivariate logistic regression identified advanced FIGO stage (III & IV) as a significant predictor of MMR deficiency (adjusted OR 4.274, 95% CI: 1.691-15.515, p=0.025). Conclusion: MMRd in endometrial carcinoma is associated with more aggressive tumor features and poorer prognostic indicators. Routine evaluation of MMR status is crucial for effective prognosis and treatment planning. Addressing socioeconomic disparities and integrating targeted therapeutic strategies can improve management and outcomes for patients with MMRd endometrial carcinoma in diverse populations.

Vaginal malformations can be diagnosed by ultrasound in a large number of cases. The prevalence of uterovaginal aplasia usually reported in the literature is 1/4000 to 1/10,000. Objectives: We tell you about the difficulties of diagnosis with ultrasound, the difficulties of managing our case of vaginal aplasia. Observation: This was a 20-year-old patient saleswoman, single. History of the disease: was marked by cyclic pelvic headache for 6 months with primary amenorrhea. She has no particular medical-surgical history. On physical examination: Secondary sexual characteristics were developed. On inspection of the vulva, normal pubic hair was noted. Examination of the vulva showed the labia majora and labia minora present and normal-looking. A hymen could not be identified and there was no visible vaginal opening. Faced with this clinical and paraclinical symptomatology, we made the diagnosis of vaginal agenesis. The ultrasound showed a uterus measuring about 92x71x62 mm, its parenchyma is homogeneous, its contours are regular. The presence in the uterine cavity at the corporeofundic level of a homogeneous echogenic collection of about 66.5 cc (69x35 mm). Note the congenital malformation of the cervix with agenesis). The Surgical Procedure Performed is vaginoplasty. Conclusion: Ultrasound of uterine malformation is difficult and requires some experience from the sonographer.

Uterine ruptures are common in Africa incidence 1 per 70 to 151 deliveries [1]. Rupture of the gravid uterus affects less than 1% of pregnant women involved in a public road accident. We report a case of uterine rupture due to direct abdominal trauma during a road accident (AVP) occurring in Kayes (Mali) [1].

The aim was to assess the prognosis of anaemic pregnant women at the Gabriel Toure University Hospital in Bamako (Mali). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. It covered a period of 6 months and involved 432 patients. Results: the frequency of anaemia associated with pregnancy was 28.7% or 432 cases of anaemia among 1505 pregnant women. The mean age was 25.99 years with extremes of 15 and 45 years. Among them, the majority were housewives and constituted 77.8% of the workforce compared to only 4.9% of civil servants. The etiological factors often associated were: gestationity (3.52 with extremes of 1 and 11); primiges (29.20%); parity (3.26 with extremes of 1 and 11). The mean birth interval was 24.4 months with extremes of minus 6 months and 158 months. In 78.7% of cases, patients were transfused. The prognosis was characterized by a maternal mortality rate of 4.4% and a neonatal mortality rate of 33.3%. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.21 days. Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnant women is a pathology that causes maternal and neonatal mortality. The unavailability of blood products worsens the prognosis.

During this study period, we recorded 10187 deliveries, including 2763 caesarean sections. Surgical site infections were found in 102 caesarean sections, i.e. 3.69%. We found that age over 35 years, history of diabetes, asthma, sickle cell anemia, obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and history of caesarean section were risk factors for the occurrence of an infection at the surgical site. The bacteriological profile was dominated by Staphylococcus Aureus (21%) followed by Klebsiella Pneumoniae (20%) and Escherichia Coli (16%). Superficial infection was the most common at 65%. Most of the germs were sensitive to imipenems; to the ertapenems; amikacin; gentamycin; colistin and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella was the germ most resistant to common antibiotics.

Background: Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition and a significant cause of cancer-related mortality among women in developing countries. In Bangladesh, its prevalence is rising due to low screening rates and late-stage diagnosis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of CIN among women attending the outpatient department of Islami Bank Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, and to identify associated risk factors. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Islami Bank Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to December 2023. The study included 218 women aged 30-65 years. Screening for CIN was performed using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Pap smear/Liquid Based Cytology (LBC). Positive cases were confirmed using colposcopy. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of risk factors, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 218 women screened, 35 were diagnosed with CIN, yielding an incidence rate of 16.1% (95% CI: 11.5% - 21.8%). Of these, 20 cases (57.1%) were identified as CIN 1, 10 cases (28.6%) as CIN 2, and 5 cases (14.3%) as CIN 3. The incidence of CIN was significantly associated with early sexual exposure (p=0.03) and multiple sexual partners (p=0.02). The use of VIA and LBC demonstrated a combined sensitivity of 92% for CIN detection. Conclusions: The study highlights a significant incidence of CIN among the outpatient population in IBMC Rajshahi, emphasizing the need for enhanced screening and preventive strategies. Early detection of cervical cancer through VIA and LBC, followed by colposcopy, proves effective in managing CIN. Public health initiatives should focus on increasing awareness, health education, and accessibility to screening services to reduce cervical cancer incidence.

Background: Tubal factor infertility accounts for a large portion of female factor infertility. The most prevalent cause of tubal factor infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease and acute salpingitis. Tubal factor infertility accounts for approximately 25-35% of cases of female infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the role of leparoscopic evaluation of Tubal factors in case of infertility. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at Department of Gynae and Obstetrics UHC, Dhamrai, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2023. 55 patients were selected for laparoscopic evaluation. Inclusion criteria were patients with no prior pelvic surgery, normal bimanual pelvic examination, normal semen parameters of partner and no ovulatory dysfunction. After obtaining thorough history & detailed examination, patients were informed about the procedure and written informed consent was taken. Results: 55 patients underwent laparoscopy during the study period. Most patients 10 were in the age group of ˂20 yr, 15 were between 21-30 yr & 20 were 31- 40 yr of age and 10 were between 36 – 40 yrs of age. Among these 55 patients 24 patients had primary infertility while 31 had presented with secondary infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed normal pelvic organs in 9 (16.3%) cases, Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in 3 (5.4%), endometriosis in 13 (23.6%) and congenital anomalies of uterus in 1(1.8%) cases. 7.2% cases had bilateral tubal block, 27.3% had unilateral block and in 7.2% cases though the tubes were found patent significant peritubal adhesions were noted. Tubal pathology was detected in 55.5% cases of primary infertility and 42.1% cases of secondary infertility. Among those who had tubal pathology, nonspecific pelvic inflammatory disease was noted in 33.3% and genital tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2.7% cases. The most common complications were pyrexia, shoulder tip pain, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a safe and effective diagnostic tool in evaluating tubal status of infertile patients. Laparoscopy and chromopertubation test should be recommended as a first step in the investigation of infertile women with tubal factor.

Background: Menstrual disorders are a significant global public health issue affecting many women during their reproductive years. These disorders include irregularities in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leading to physical, behavioral, and emotional changes. Factors such as weight changes, stress, drug use, hormonal imbalances, and recent childbirth or miscarriage can disrupt menstrual patterns. Menstrual issues not only impact women's health and quality of life but also result in economic consequences and poor academic performance. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices among female undergraduates in Bangladesh, as well as explore potential factors that may influence these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 180 female students at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (outdoor) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 December 2021. It aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices. Participants, aged 18-25 years and willing to participate, were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, menstrual history, and self-care practices. SPSS version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, employing descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to explore associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, providing a comprehensive assessment framework. Result: The sociodemographic profile of 180 participants shows that most are aged 21-25 years, with a mean age of 22.48±1.68 years. Early menarche was common among 88.33%, and 62.22% belonged to the low social class living in hostels. A significant proportion (82.78%) were single, with only 2.78% having experienced pregnancy. Parental sponsorship for education was prevalent (72.22%). Most participants correctly identified menstruation as a physiological process (66.67%) and knew menstrual blood originates from the uterus (62.78%). Common absorbent materials were disposable sanitary pads (88.89%). Patterns of menstrual health and self-care practices revealed proper hygiene but suboptimal management of menstrual disorders. Age, social class, education sponsorship, and knowledge of menstrual disorders significantly influenced self-care practices. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were the most common menstrual disorders. Conclusion: This research examines menstrual health knowledge, disorders, and self-care among female undergraduates, highlighting the impact of socio-demographic factors and educational support. It reveals significant knowledge gaps and underscores the need for better educational initiatives. Insights into menstrual disorders and self-care strategies provide guidance for targeted interventions and support within academic environments.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for monitoring pregnancy and improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between ANC and pregnancy outcomes among participants at rural upazilla health complex, like Sariakandi Upazilla of Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Upazilla Health Complex in Saniakandi, Bangladesh included 45 pregnant women selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from medical records and structured interviews to gather information on demographics, obstetric history, clinical history, and specifics of ANC. Maternal outcomes of interest included preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage, while neonatal outcomes included gestational age at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores, and NICU admissions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationship between the number of antenatal visits and pregnancy outcomes. Results: Most participants were aged 21-30 (55.6%) with secondary education (80.0%) and were predominantly housewives (97.8%). Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 6.7% of participants, and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 2.2%. All cases of preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in women with fewer than 4 antenatal visits, indicating a strong negative correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82). Neonatal outcomes showed that 2.2% of newborns were preterm, and 17.8% had low birth weight. Higher frequency of ANC visits correlated positively with better Apgar scores at 1 minute (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71) and 5 minutes (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.61). Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of frequent and timely ANC in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Enhanced ANC accessibility and early initiation are essential for reducing the risks of adverse outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings.