Introduction: It is undeniable that the NPC plays a crucial role in the development process of nations; “because maternal and neonatal deaths, which hinder economic growth and cause global losses in productivity, can be avoided thanks to ANC, which is all the more effective if it is early and regularly repeated. This consultation effectively contributes to avoiding “complications of pregnancy and its consequences, which are a major challenge for the health of women of childbearing age; and the leading global cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in this target, especially in developing countries. This research seeks to determine the repercussions and explanations explanations of the beginning late arrival of women to prenatal consultation. Method: This study is quantitative of the cross-sectional descriptive correlational type, carried out at the MAZIBA health and maternity center, more precisely in the Bonhomme district, in the commune of Matete, city of Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, during the period from January 29 2022 to April 8, 2023. It used the survey method, combined with the interview technique and a survey questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Results: The late onset of CPN remains a major public health issue in the study region. The late arrival of pregnant women at the CPN is influenced by different variables such as neglect, fatigue, distance, lack of financial means, high cost of care, poor reception, lack of space, lack of chairs or benches. The consequences linked to late arrival at the ANC are on two levels: the consequence for the pregnant woman and for the fetus. In the pregnant we obtained an average of 18.7% and 31.3% in the fetus. This study demonstrated that there is a significant statistical relationship between It also appears that there is a significant statistical relationship between personal, socio-economic, organizational, cultural factors and the consequences in the fetuses (p = 0.00. P=0.01, and p=0.00). Conclusion: Thus, healthcare professionals have the opportunity to provide ongoing education on the importance of starting prenatal care visits early to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes, taking into account all the elements mentioned.

Purpose: This study highlights the clinical and radiological challenges in distinguishing ovarian malignancy from pelvic tuberculosis (TB), underscoring the need for precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Background: Pelvic TB, a rare extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in developed countries where it is less prevalent. Its symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, and adnexal masses, can mimic those of ovarian cancer, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Although TB is uncommon in developed nations, it remains a significant global health issue, particularly affecting individuals from endemic regions. Pelvic TB typically spreads to reproductive organs through lymphatic dissemination, direct extension, or hematogenous routes. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, breathlessness, weight loss, and night sweats. She had a history of lung sarcoidosis, recurrent chest infections, and prior TB exposure. Initial imaging suggested advanced ovarian malignancy, but an omental biopsy revealed granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Further tests confirmed disseminated TB, and the patient underwent a 9-month course of anti-tuberculous therapy, which resolved most disseminated TB lesions. However, a persistent complex pelvic cyst required conservative follow-up. Conclusion: Although pelvic TB is rare in developed countries, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses with ascites and elevated CA 125, especially in patients with recurrent chest infections and TB exposure.

International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University, Malaysia Pregnant mothers with uncompleted pregnancies should be encouraged to perform physical exercises. Aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises are beneficial in pregnancy [1].

Introduction: Planned full-term cesarean section is part of a set of priority targeted procedures due in particular to their frequency, the disparity of practices and a dynamic of increase. The decision on the mode of delivery (planned cesarean or natural delivery) is re-evaluated throughout the pregnancy depending on medical and obstetrical elements concerning the woman. The mode of delivery may ultimately be different from that initially planned. There has not been an evaluation of our indications for planned cesarean sections, hence the interest in initiating this work. Objective: Our aim was to determine the rate of planned cesarean section at term according to clinical practice recommendations. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with retrospective recruitment of files over a period of eighteen months, taking place from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024 in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the hospital. from Mali to Bamako. The target population was women seen in prenatal consultations during the study period. The inclusion criteria were all patients with an indication for planned cesarean section at our department during the study period. The non-inclusion criteria were indications for cesarean sections during labor in our department during the study period. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS software. The Pearson chi-square test as well as the Fisher exact test with a significance threshold of 5% (p ˂ 0.05) were used for the interpretation of the data. Results: Our cesarean section rate was 12.3% (n=64/520). The main indications were respectively multi-scarred uterus, diabetic macrosomia, scarred uterus + borderline pelvis, severe preeclampsia and pregnancy and immature pelvis with respectively 4%, 1.5%, 1.2%, 1.2% and 1.2%. At the end 12% (n=12/520) of primiparous women had undergone a cesarean section compared to 10% (n=52/520) of multiparous women. Conclusion: It is important to communicate internally with all professionals concerned for the decision-making of planned cesarean section, in order to choose the most appropriate mode of delivery while avoiding unjustified cesarean sections, thus reducing the number of scarred uteri linked to Cesarean section can cause multiple scarring of the uterus.

Background: A variety of factors, including tubal blockage, cause infertility, a global problem. As a result, the purpose of this study was to look at the most common tubal irregularities. Methodology: A descriptive longitudinal study was undertaken in Khair Alelag private hospital in El-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, from January to December 2023. We included approximately 60 individuals who presented for a hygrosalpingogram (HSG) evaluation. Results: According to our findings, half of the study group 30(50%) has a history of PID, with 17 (57%) having tubal obstruction, either bilaterally (7%) or unilaterally (10%). Those without a history of PID (12%) have tubal obstruction, either bilaterally (3%) or unilaterally (9%). 12 (20%) have a history of uterine or tubal surgery, all with tubal obstruction; 8 (13%) have unilateral tubal obstruction; and 4 (7%) have bilateral tubal obstruction. Conclusion: Tubal blockage is common in Sudan, and it may contribute to the country's high rate of infertility. Unilateral tubal blockage is the most prevalent form.

Background: Obesity is a growing global health issue with significant implications for gynecological health. This study investigates the impact of obesity on various gynecological outcomes, comparing obese and non-obese women. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at BSMMU and Dhaka Medical College from February 2022 to January 2023. A total of 150 female participants were purposively selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 (Obesity, n=75) and Group 2 (No Obesity, n=75). Data on blood pressure, HbA1c levels, body fat percentage, waist circumference, cholesterol levels, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, sleep duration, and the prevalence of complications such as hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, and joint pain were collected and analyzed. Result: Obese participants had significantly higher blood pressure (140 ± 10 mmHg vs. 125 ± 8 mmHg, p=0.002), HbA1c levels (7.2 ± 1.1% vs. 5.9 ± 0.8%, p=0.004), body fat percentage (35 ± 5% vs. 22 ± 4%, p=0.001), and waist circumference (110 ± 12 cm vs. 85 ± 10 cm, p=0.003) compared to non-obese participants. Additionally, obese women exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension (27% vs. 13%, p=0.045), diabetes (20% vs. 7%, p=0.032), sleep apnea (16% vs. 5%, p=0.021), and joint pain (24% vs. 11%, p=0.039). Conclusion: The study highlights the detrimental effects of obesity on gynecological health, emphasizing the need for effective weight management strategies to improve reproductive health outcomes and overall well-being in women.

Background: Induction of labor is a common obstetric practice aimed at reducing perinatal risks associated with prolonged pregnancy. This study aims to compare the outcomes of elective induction of labor after 39 completed weeks versus expectant management up to 41 completed weeks of pregnancy. Methods: A comparative study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of BSMMU, Shahbag, and Badda General Hospital, Dhaka, from January 10, 2016, to December 30, 2019. A total of 1200 prenatal patients were included, with 600 in the induction group and 600 in the expectant group. Results: The mean age was similar in both groups (30.6 years in the induction group and 30.2 years in the expectant group). Nulliparous women were more prevalent in the expectant group (56.6%) compared to the induction group (49.8%). Cervical ripening and onset of labor were higher in the induction group (71.7%) than in the expectant group (63%). The Caesarean section rate was significantly lower in the induction group (9%) compared to the expectant group (27%). Meconium-stained liquor was less common in the induction group (16.3%) versus the expectant group (22%). NICU admission rates were similar between groups, but neonatal deaths were lower in the induction group (2 vs. 13). Conclusion: Induction of labor between 39 and 40 weeks reduces perinatal mortality without increasing maternal complications, Caesarean section rates, or NICU admissions. Future research should explore induction at or beyond 37 weeks to optimize timing.

Introduction: Uterine rupture is a solution of complete or incomplete non-surgical continuity of the wall of the gravid uterus. It is a dreaded obstetric disease with a poor maternal-fetal prognosis in terms of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study the epidemio-clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine rupture at the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study with retrospective collection, from 1 January2012 to 31 December 20121. We included in our study all cases of uterine rupture diagnosed and treated at the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes during the study period. Results: The frequency of uterine rupture was 0.3%. The mean age of parturients was 29 years with extremes of 15 and 45 years. Parturients were evacuated in 78.74% of cases. Prolonged work was the leading reason for evacuation with a frequency of 14.2%. Uterine scarring was the top risk factor with 27.6%. Complete ruptures accounted for 81% and the breech was segmental in 69.8% of cases. Hysterorrhaphy was performed in 75.6% of parturients. The outcome was favourable in 59.52% of cases and anaemia was the most frequent postoperative complication with 34.1%. The maternal death rate was 7.9% and the fetal death rate was 74.6%. Conclusion: Uterine rupture is an obstetric-surgical emergency whoseprognosis depends on the speed of diagnosis andmanagement.

Introduction: Cesarean section is the most commonly performed operation in obstetric practice to circumvent maternal complications. Re-laparotomy after cesarean section (C/S) is considered a near-miss fatality situation. Emergency laparotomy has inherent complications culminating in significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate indications and outcomes of re-laparotomy after cesarean section. Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, in Rangpur Medical College Hospital from July 2019 to June 2020. A total of 30 patients were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling method. All data were collected using a pre-formed questionnaire. The collected data were compiled and findings were presented in the form of tables and graphs. Appropriate statistical analysis of the data was done using a statistical package for social science (SPSS, version 23.0). Result: The most common indication of re-laparotomy in this study was primary postpartum hemorrhage 14 (46.7%) followed by secondary PPH 7 (23.3%), rectus sheath hematoma 6 (20.0%), and septicemia or pelvic abscess 3 (10.0%). Regarding procedures performed at re-laparotomy, a maximum of patients 23 (76.7%) had total abdominal hysterectomy followed by drainage of sub-rectal hematoma 6 (20.0%) and drainage of pus 1 (3.3%). Concerning outcome, there were 2 (6.7%) maternal deaths following re-laparotomy caused by shock following cardiac arrest, and PPH. Conclusion: The re-laparotomy rate following C/S was 0.96% due to uncontrolled primary PPH, rectus sheath hematoma, and secondary PPH. In this study, re-laparotomy after C/S was associated with a case fatality rate of 6.7%.

Introduction The Indian society is a traditional society following many customs during pregnancy and post-partum. The study is around understanding the cultural beliefs of educated Indian women around childbirth, prevalent in the society. Since Indians are living in different countries, the understanding of such customs can make it easier for obstetrician or mid wife to treat such couples and also give relevant information around the belief. 196 women were given an online survey in English to fill post-partum to document the common beliefs. The questions asked tried to understand background of the patient (age, education, occupation, no of children) and also included questions about common customs and traditions practiced during pregnancy and post-partum. The common Indian traditions were highlighted which are followed post partum and during pregnancy. The study concluded some harmful practices still in use can be discouraged and pregnancy is a good opportunity to counsel the couple about scientific evidence based practice and not just myths. Good practices can be carried on. • What is already known on this topic – Indians have a strong, cultural and traditional practices around child birth. Understanding these practices helps the midwife/Obstetrician in promoting good and healthy practices • What this study adds – The practices in pregnancy and post-partum in educated urban population of India. Many Indians are residing in The UK, The USA and other countries. It helps understand traditional beliefs during pregnancy and post-partum for smoother nine months. • How this study might affect research, practice or policy Around 386 thousand Indians reside in The UAE making it around 38% of population. Hence its important to be aware of cultural practices of the population.

Introduction: Hysterectomy is a very frequent pregnancy-unrelated surgical procedure performed in women, which may be accomplished either by abdominal or vaginal route. This study aims to assess the advantages of vaginal hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy in women with benign gynecological disorders other than prolapse. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of vaginal hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy in treating benign non-prolapsed uterus. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 60 patients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Dhaka, from May 2015 to October 2015. The study included 30 patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy and 30 patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Data collection involved recording patient history, conducting clinical examinations, and documenting information in a pre-designed data collection sheet. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Result: This study included a total of 60 patients, with 30 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy (AH) and 30 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy (VH). Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. There were no intraoperative complications in either group. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, time to out-of-bed activity, mean maximum postoperative body temperature, and duration of fever were all significantly shorter and less severe in the VH group compared with the AH group. Additionally, vaginal length in the VH group was significantly shorter than in the AH group. Conclusion: Vaginal hysterectomy offers advantages over abdominal hysterectomy in treating benign gynecological diseases, providing greater efficacy and safety with less invasiveness.