This paper surveys the development of the Palestinian educational system in general and the English general and the English curriculum in specific. That is, it illustrates the developmental stages of the educational system across various periods of time and the Palestinian curriculum guidelines together with the achievements. It also addresses the English curriculum of the sixth grade, and analyzes Unit 7 of the 6th Grade textbook. Consequently, some modifications were suggested regarding various skills, and the need of including cultural spots in each unit was highlighted. The researcher suggested some ideas related to the use of role-cards in teaching speaking and cultural spots to teacher reading. For speaking, the researcher planned some role cards, in which each student has a role to play, i.e offering help for the grandparents in collecting olives. For reading, a cultural paragraph about the plant of mango in India was suggested. These sample activities make connections with students experience and the culture of others.

Ecological discourse analysis, as an emerging discipline, aims to reveal the role of language in ecology. The transitivity system serves as a theoretical foundation, which helps to explore the ecological ideas implied in ecological discourse. William Wordsworth, a British Romantic poet, is famous for his poetry depicting natural scenery. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is a representative work of his nature poems. Based on the transitivity system of systemic functional linguistics, this paper conducts a deep analysis of Wordsworth's nature poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud from the perspective of ecological discourse analysis, exploring the basic path of the poet's expression of his ecological view through language. On the one hand, the poet regards the relationship between humans and all things in nature as a harmonious and equal dialogue partnership. He wants to advocate respect for nature, awe of nature, and oppose anthropocentrism, promoting the ecological idea of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, which reflects his positive ecological view. On the other hand, by studying Wordsworth's ecological ideas, readers can be guided to establish a healthy ecological view, enhance their sense of ecological responsibility, and promote people's love for nature and friendship with nature.

Language plays a fundamental role in combatting HIV and AIDS. In Kenya, English and Kiswahili are used as the languages of communication in HIV and AIDS related issues. The literacy rate in Kenya stands at 87.4% but research has indicated that only 17% of the population speak and use English effectively while, 65% speak and understand Kiswahili. The use of Kiswahili in health communication cannot be underscored given the fact that majority of the Kenyan population can understand and interpret Kiswahili messages received in a communication string. The fight on HIV and AIDS includes use of songs and poetry. A number of Kenyan artists have invented ways of fighting this scourge in their use of music and this entails use of metaphor in their songs. One such musician is Jackoniah Oyoo who employs metaphor in his song Merimela. Human beings use metaphor to make sense of reality. Metaphor is defined as understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another. In this scenario, a concrete or clearly organized source domain, being more clearly related to physical and bodily experience, is used to talk about a more abstract and less clearly structured target domain. Metaphorical conceptualization of concepts is so natural and at times unconscious to human beings that they do not even realize that they are using metaphor. This article seeks to examine the metaphorical conceptualization and interpretation of the metaphors used in the song Merimela. The ubiquity nature of metaphors makes it possible for a number of metaphors to be used in the song Merimela. This article reveals how metaphor reflects and structures Kenyans understanding of reality particularly the fight against HIV and AIDS.

Ebi Yeibo’s poem The Forbidden Tongue is a powerful example of how Ijaw proverbs and idioms can be used to explore the cultural and historical experiences of the Ijaw people. The poem makes use of Ijaw proverbs and idioms to convey a strong sense of nostalgia for a lost culture and tradition. By analyzing the parables/ idioms of the poem, we can gain a deeper understanding of the poem’s meaning and significance. The poem also raises important questions about the preservation of the heritage. The title of the work is “The Significance of Ijaw Proverbs and Idioms”. The aim of the work is to explore the cultural and linguistic significance of Ijaw proverbs and idioms. The methodology used is literary analysis of Ijaw poems and texts. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of linguistic relativity, which suggests that language influences thought and culture. The contribution to knowledge is a deeper understanding of the role of proverbs and idioms in Ijaw.

The aim of this research are to describe effective steps listening skill teaching of grade first students in University of Siliwangi Tasikmalaya, west java, Indonesia. This research is treatment test again conclusion of research result with title of “Increasing Lecturing Logic-Based Learning Improves Listening Skills” of Agustus 2022.The method used in this study is experimental research. Besides the technique of data collecting was taken by examination and observation. The research held for student in 1st semester of 2022/2023 academic year at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Siliwangi Tasikmalaya. The data were processed quantitatively. The result know that steps listening skills teaching based on the logic model have a positive impact toward student listening skill. To stretcher this research result it is suggested that the research should be followed up and validated by whom in the same profesion.

This paper contrasted compounding in the Gokana and English languages. This study employed the Contrastive Analysis Theory (CA). The data collection technique adopted in this study is unstructured elicitation oral interview method. The method of data analysis adopted in this paper is purely the contrastive method. The data collected in the Gokana language were glossed in the English language. It was ascertained that compounding is one of the morphological operations that result in the realization of new word in the Gokana and English languages. It was also observed from the data presented in this paper that the words that are joined to form a compound may or may not belong to the same word class or parts of speech. This study further found out that compounds in the Gokana and English languages can syntactically be classified into endocentric, exocentric, coordinative and appositional compounds. More so, it was affirmed that unlike in English language, endocentric compounds in the Gokana language has a head initial and modifier final structure. This study recommends that L2 (English language) teachers in the Gokana speech communities should be grounded in the morphological operations that result to exocentric compounds, semantic and non-semantic compounds in the English language so as to be able to assist the L2 English learners.