Ganin cewar da yawa daga cikin al’umma ba su san irin jerin matakan da masassaƙa kan bi ba wajen aiwatar da sassaƙa, wannan shi ya jawo hankalina domin in yi ƙoƙarin fito da waɗannan matakai daki-daki domin a fahince su. Ganin cewa kayan sassaƙa suna da yawa a ƙasar Hausa, wannan takardar ta yi ƙoƙarin duban matakan aiwatar sassaƙar turmi ne kawai a ƙasar Hausa. A ƙoƙarin haƙa ta cimma ruwa, takardar ta yi amfani da dabarun gani da ido da tambayoyi da bitar wasu ayyuka domin zaƙuro bayanan da aka tattauna a wannan takardar. An ɗora aikin a Bahaushen ra’i (hanyar gudanar da bincike), wato tunanin cewa “kowa a gida sarki ne.” An yi haka ne bayan la’akari da ɗumbin hikimomi da ke tattare da al’amarin sassaƙa. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya gano akwai a ƙalla matakai goma da masassaƙi kan bi kafin ya samar da turmi a ƙasar Hausa.

This research is an exploratory study of the use of English by Benin banking, tourism and travel Personnel. It attempts to examine the communicative needs of this personnel in their workplaces by shedding light on their needs, wants, lacks and attitude towards English. It is a need analysis performed to find out the professionals’ needs of English in their specific area of work. This analysis makes sure that the course will contain relevant and useful skills to learn. It also enables the course designers to achieve a detailed profile of what this category of professionals need to be able to do in English in order to produce a specification of the language skills, function and forms required to carry out the communication described in the needs profile. The current study has been carried out using the mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative methods. The sample consists of thirty personnel to whom questionnaires are distributed by type of work. Fifteen ESP teachers were interviewed. The data was collected by means of questionnaires, class observation, interviews and analysis of the results were obtained. On the one hand the results have shown that the workers’ perceptions of their needs, wants and lacks are greatly affected by their attitudes toward English. On the other hand the results provide a useful input for developing a curriculum or designing an ESP to meet the communication needs of these personnel and thus ensure their efficiency at their workplaces.

As different connecting means in Chinese and English, parataxis and hypotaxis have always been the focus of discussion and research by Chinese and foreign scholars. This pair of concepts has been studied for a long time, and after years of supplement and improvement, the concepts of parataxis and hypotaxis have been very mature and widely used in the translation practice of various styles. Therefore, the authors give an overview of the research on parataxis and hypotaxis from the aspects of the proposal, development and application of the concepts. Apart from that, the authors also analyze the reasons of parataxis and hypotaxis from the following two perspectives: (1) grammar and syntax, (2) culture and thinking modes. Through this study, the authors hope to further improve the accuracy and fluency of translation between Chinese and English based on theories of parataxis and hypotaxis, and also hope to find some reasonable explanations to the Chinese and Western cultural conflicts.

The present study discusses Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) in terms of enhancement of communication skills of the language learners. Communication skills are in high demand because multinational companies require a candidate with good communication skills. So, It is the need of hour for teaching fraternity to improve the communication skills of the language learners by identifying new strategies and techniques. NLP is now gaining momentum in enhancing the communication skills of the learners. NLP is defined as an art of communication and contributes positively in language learning. It is also an important and unavoidable part of the learning process to achieve the needs of the learner. NLP is found to help the students to develop their communication skills with confidence and viewed as contributing tool to the development of human communication and behaviour. Besides, it increases the communication skills of the employees, motivation, success. Many authors also cited that NLP offers the desired result. Hence the present article felt the need of analytical discussion on NLP in terms of the enhancement of communication of the language learners.

This study was carried out to examine the use of verb tenses in the writings of senior secondary school students, learners of English as a foreign language in Niger. Three hundred and seventy (370) students randomly selected from four (4) senior secondary schools in Maradi participated in the study. The data were collected using an essay test requiring the students to express their thoughts in the present, the past, and the future tenses. The study used mixed methods research. The results showed that the students’ use of verb tenses in English was very inappropriate. Furthermore, the results revealed that all the three tenses were found difficult by the students leading to verb tense errors of various types including substitutions, additions, and omissions of morphemes. Some recommendations were made to help the students use verb tenses appropriately, and minimize errors in verb tense use.