The act of forging seals and documents of state agencies and organizations for the purpose of fraudulent appropriation of property constitutes a serious form of crime, simultaneously infringing upon administrative management order and threatening the security of property relations. In Vietnam, this conduct is primarily governed by Article 341 of the Penal Code in conjunction with provisions on the offense of fraud. However, practical challenges remain in delineating the boundary between forgery and fraud, particularly when forged documents are employed as instruments of misappropriation. This article examines the Vietnamese criminal law framework and contrasts it with the experiences of selected jurisdictions such as the United States, China, and Singapore, thereby identifying both commonalities and differences in the constituent elements of offenses and applicable sanctions. On this basis, the study proposes orientations for improving criminal legislation and judicial practice in Vietnam.

The article is devoted to an interdisciplinary analysis of the transformation of Roman law in the transitional period from the Republic to the Empire through the category of the megalopolis as a special legal-architectural and cultural phenomenon. It is shown that Roman law during this period acted not only as a conservative regulator ensuring the stability of the political-legal order, but also as a technology of institutional engineering creating conditions for the release of the creative potential of society. Based on the philosophical and legal heritage of the Roman Stoics (Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Cicero), modern studies in the field of legal history, neurobiology and the theory of creativity, as well as on the example of Francis Ford Coppola’s feature film Megalopolis (2024), the image of the megalopolis is reconstructed as a model of a legal environment in which the law does not suppress, but structures and protects the creative activity of passionary individuals. The thesis is substantiated that the fluctuations of law in the era of the crisis of the Roman Republic became a condition for the creative bifurcation of the state system, opening the way to a new imperial configuration capable of integrating diverse cultural codes and architectural practices. Comparison of the Roman experience with examples of legal modernization in Singapore and the UAE makes it possible to conclude that an effective legal environment is a necessary condition for the formation of a megalopolis as a space of innovative development, where the protection of private property, contractual freedom and personal autonomy becomes a key resource of humanistic progress.

Labor relations between enterprises and individuals are expressed in the legal form of labor contracts signed and implemented by the parties. In which, wage is a basic term, representing the value of labor, enterprises must clearly state in contracts and pay employees based on the effort they have put in. This not only ensures labor rights but also contributes to the development of the labor market, bringing business efficiency to enterprises. Any violation must be sanctioned in the form of late payment interest on late wages, except in cases where the enterprises encounter certain difficulties, as permitted by law. The research in this article clarifies wages and the obligation to pay wages of enterprises under Vietnamese law and proposes solutions to overcome the limitations arising from practice.