Oil and gas pollution poses significant environmental and health risks to communities in Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta region. Despite the devastating impacts of pollution, Nigeria's legal framework for controlling oil and gas pollution has been criticized for being inadequate and ineffective. This article undertook a critical appraisal of the legal measures for the control of oil and gas pollution in Nigeria. The article examined the relevant international, regional, and national laws and policies governing oil and gas pollution in Nigeria, including the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act. The article critiques the strengths and weaknesses of these laws and policies, highlighting gaps and inconsistencies that hinder effective pollution control. The article also analyzed the institutional framework for pollution control in Nigeria, including the roles and responsibilities of regulatory agencies such as the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency and the Department of Petroleum Resources. The article argued that while these agencies have made efforts to control pollution, they are often hindered by inadequate funding, lack of capacity, and conflicting mandates. Furthermore, the article examined the impact of oil and gas pollution on local communities in Nigeria, highlighting the human rights implications of pollution and the need for effective remedies and compensation. The article concluded by proposing recommendations for strengthening the legal framework for pollution control in Nigeria, including the adoption of more stringent regulations, the enhancement of institutional capacity, and the provision of effective remedies for affected communities.

This article critically evaluates the intricate navigation between national sovereignty and international refugee law in Bangladesh, specifically concentrating on the nation’s mechanisms of the protracted Rohingya refugee crisis. As a non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, Bangladesh's legal obligations are initially motivated by the influence of international humanitarian norms, regional considerations, and domestic policy frameworks. This paper examines Bangladesh’s efforts to mediate its sovereign prerogatives with its moral and legal obligation to serve sanctuary to displaced populations. Through critical evaluation of legislative endeavors, governmental reactions, and the efforts of international actors such as the UNHCR, the article enunciates Bangladesh's multifaceted obstacles in its mandate to develop global refugee standards while indicating its domestic needs. The study articulates by proffering strategic suggestions aimed at liberalizing Bangladesh’s mechanisms with international refugee protection protocols, thereby contributing to both the strategy on refugee administration and the progression of legal mechanisms in South Asia.