Canadian Extradition Law. Recent defence application in case of Meng Wanzhou to adduce evidence denied. What is the Canadian extradition process and what evidence can either side rely upon? What are the judge’s powers and how have limitations on these powers led to injustice in extradition cases? The review of the Diab case by Murray Segal exonerated IAG from any wrongdoing, but where does this leave the law? The current system is not working, and the law and the role of the IAG must be changed.

Indicators of a financial liberalized and globalized economic system's impending collapse include frequent swings and financial crises. This results from the expert study and institutional introspection following previous catastrophes. It is possible to minimize the danger of financial system failure in critical periods by using indicators and results. They can be overcome. Minuscule failure chances and rapid recovery are the goals. Financial architects must have efficient and robust security and risk management systems to limit risk exposure. In the event of firm failure or bankruptcy, maximize stakeholder value. In South Asia, there are many countries. To create a good investment climate, retain public confidence in the business and financial sectors, and promote sustainable growth, developing healthy insolvency and risk management systems is essential. India, which opened its markets in 1991, now faces the enormous challenge of liberalization and, in the future, modernization of its legal system. Several parts of the legal and financial systems of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan have been reformed. Sri Lanka has recently embarked on a road of globalization and system reforms. There have been many bank changes and insolvency reforms in the region over the last decade. Many financial sector changes are being implemented to create an efficient, well-diversified, and competitive financial system. Banks are also trying to develop acceptable and comprehensive models for risk management, which will be integrated into their working systems. The insolvency risk for 73 Indian banks using Z-Index and the probabilistic prediction of their book value bankruptcy for three years has been analyzed from 2017 to 2020. The need of the hour is an efficient risk management system that includes risk identification, measurement and control, writes Ravi Agrawal. He says it is vital to handle these risks in a pre-emptive, proficient and cohesive manner to maintain sound financial health, banks can assess future losses and prepare for them.

Proper communication and preparedness planning before a disaster occurs is very important to minimize the risk and the resulting damage. This study takes place in the city of Surabaya with the consideration that Surabaya is traversed by two active faults or tectonic plate faults that can cause earthquake potential. This study focuses on the preparedness phase, namely the efforts made in anticipating disasters, through organized activities. Due to the nature of disaster which is full of uncertainty, communication is the main foundation in minimizing this uncertainty. Communication in the context of disaster plays a role as access to information needs in the process of prevention, preparation and mitigation through the dissemination of information related to disasters. The main key in responding to disasters is to build an effective communication planning strategy in coordinating information before a disaster strikes. This study focuses on analyzing anticipatory activities carried out by Disaster Management Agency (BPB) and Community Environment (Linmas) related to the potential for earthquakes in the Surabaya City area to improve community preparedness. This paper is studied qualitatively by using in-depth interview method. Furthermore, this study was analyzed using the Disaster Communication Management model according to Haddow & Haddow. The result indicate that with four main foundations in building effective disaster communication, among others; Audience Focus, Leaders Commitment, Situational Awareness and Media Partnership. It is important to anticipate efforts from disaster mitigation by the Surabaya City Government in reducing the risk of disaster impacts that can occur in potentially dangerous areas.

By the year 2022, the Constitutive Act of the African Union (AU) would have been in operation for twenty years. One of the major bases for cooperation under the new institutional framework of the AU was that all member States of the union had to observe some fundamental norms, values and standards including but not limited to, respect for human rights, democratic governance and the total condemnation of unconstitutional change of government. If a member state fails to observe this standard, she could be subjected to political, economic and social sanction. The Constitutive Act of the AU in its Article 4(h) states that the AU has the right of intervention in a member State pursuant to a decision of the Assembly in respect of grave circumstances, namely; war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity and by the Article 4(j) of the same Act, a member State can even request for intervention from the union in order to restore peace and security. In the light of these provisions, the AU has intervened in some countries e.g. Burundi, Comoros and Mali among others through peacekeeping operations. This article will therefore critically analyze the challenges and emerging issues faced by contingents to these peacekeeping mission fields.

The Ugamo Malim is one of the religious minorities in Indonesia. Although most Batak people today are adherents of Christianity and Islam, certain Batak people sought to maintain their own religious beliefs and practices. However, most Batak people have abandoned it and converted to the imported religions such as Christian and Islam. Accordingly, Ugamo Malim rejected the western notion of God; they prefer the term "spirits" or "divinities" (Mula Jadi Nabolon). Due to the Indonesian state legal definition and category of religion, Ugamo Malim loses the opportunity to gain legal status, identity, and recognition, including their employment opportunities in public offices. For example, the No. 1 PNPS 1965 on Blasphemy Law includes the Ugamo Malim as an unofficial religious group, except Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Although Indonesia's legal framework guarantees freedom of religion and belief, however, these fundamental rights do not guarantee the right of Ugamo Malim. Therefore, many minority groups, like Ugamo Malim, suffered from various forms of discrimination by the State of Indonesia. The study would help the Indonesian government to have a better comprehension regarding the framework they can introduce which would help in protecting the identity of the Ugamo Malim Minority religion.

The global relevance of policing and the police institution has been duly recognized. However, the Nigerian society witnessed a massive increase in crime which has called for a review of the existing paradigm of crime management. This paper makes a case for the adoption of intelligence-led policing. The paper explores the role of the Nigerian Police in crime management and further details some of the challenges limiting the effectiveness of the police force from adequately achieving their primary responsibility of protecting life and property. The paper operationally clarified the concepts of crime management and intelligence-led policy before adopting the functionalist perspective as the theoretical framework for the paper. Conclusively, the paper argues for adoption of an intelligence-led policing system to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the Nigerian police in fighting crime in Nigeria.