Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents remain among the most effective and widely used drugs in cancer treatment. Since the clinical introduction of cisplatin, platinum complexes such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin have significantly improved therapeutic outcomes in several malignancies, which include testicular, ovarian, colorectal, lung, and bladder cancers. In spite of their remarkable clinical success, the therapeutic application of platinum drugs is frequently limited by severe toxicities, drug resistance, poor selectivity, and interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics. Consequently, accurate monitoring of platinum concentrations in biological systems has become increasingly important for optimizing dosage regimens, minimizing adverse effects, and improving therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses recent advances in the detection and quantification of platinum species in human samples, with emphasis on analytical and imaging techniques employed in clinical and biomedical studies. Conventional approaches such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy are critically examined alongside emerging technologies including fluorescence probes, biosensors, electrochemical sensing platforms, and nanotechnology-assisted imaging systems. The review further highlights the role of intracellular platinum tracking, mitochondrial targeting, and single-cell analysis in understanding platinum drug metabolism and mechanisms of resistance. Current challenges and future prospects in platinum monitoring for precision oncology are also discussed.

Energy drinks are increasingly consumed due to their perceived ability to enhance physical and mental performance. However, concerns remain regarding their stimulant composition and acidic nature. This study quantitatively determined the concentrations of caffeine, taurine, and titratable acidity in six commercially available energy drink brands sold in Abuja Nigeria namely Predator, Fearless, Climax, Monster, Red Bull, and Power Horse. Caffeine and taurine were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), while titratable acidity was determined using standard acid–base titration methods. The results showed that caffeine concentrations ranged from 129.14 ± 0.74 to 2186.66 ± 5.95 mg/L, with Climax recording the lowest level, while Power horse had the highest. Taurine concentrations varied between 59.16 ± 0.94 and 378.75 ± 0.83 mg/L, with Fearless exhibiting the highest taurine content and Climax showing the lowest concentration. Titratable acidity values ranged from 5.24 ± 0.20 to 9.77 ± 0.56 g/100 mL, indicating varying degrees of acidity among the samples, with Power Horse and Monster showing relatively higher acidity levels. The low standard deviation values recorded demonstrate the precision and reliability of the analytical methods employed and the observed variations in caffeine, taurine, and acidity among the energy drinks highlight the need for continuous quality assessment and regulatory monitoring to ensure consumer safety. This study provides baseline scientific data on the chemical characteristics of energy drinks and supports the need for stricter regulatory oversight, improved labeling, and increased public awareness regarding energy drink consumption.

In the present work, the electrochemical study has been carried out on the derivatives of azo and nitro dyes for Ortho-Phenylenediamine (OPD) predominantly used in colorants. The results of the electrochemical study are assessed in terms of decolorisation and reduction in toxicity. Kinetics of decolorisation was monitored and resulted after 15 minutes. This work also comparatively analyzes the decoloration of dyes at pH 10 and pH 6. The Spectrophotometry measures, energy of a substance absorbs at varying wavelengths of light. Transmittance at different wavelength shows the maximum absorbance at 290 nm and also the transparency of the material is maximum. The maximum absorbance is recorded at higher pH 10 for 10 ppm absorbance percentage is 0.329 for 30 minutes. For pH 6 at 290 nm for 10 ppm the percentage transmittance is 51.3 and absorbance percentage is 0.290. Activated Charcoal is best fit adsorbents used for removal of toxic dyes as well as for environmental pollution reduction.

Abattoir wastewater is a significant source of heavy metal pollution, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study investigated the adsorptive removal of selected heavy metals lead (Pb²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), and chromium (Cr³⁺) from abattoir wastewater using synthesized cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis, confirming a cubic crystal structure, nanoscale morphology, and high specific surface area of 86.4 m²/g. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted at varying pH (3–8), contact time (10–120 min), adsorbent dosage (0.5–3.0 g/L), and initial metal concentrations (10–100 mg/L). Maximum removal efficiencies of 94.3%, 91.7%, and 89.5% were achieved for Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cr³⁺, respectively, at pH 6.0. Equilibrium data conformed best to the Langmuir isotherm model (R² > 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption, while kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model, confirming chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. These findings establish CdS nanoparticles as a highly efficient adsorbent for heavy metal remediation from abattoir wastewater.

This study investigated the adsorptive removal of selected heavy metals from pharmaceutical wastewater using a zinc oxide/geopolymer (zno/geopolymer) nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent. The nanocomposite was synthesized and applied for the removal of cd, pb, and fe ions under varying experimental conditions, including contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that heavy metal removal efficiency increased with increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage due to the availability of more active adsorption sites. The diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values around 31.7°, 34.4°, 36.2°, 47.5°, 56.6°, 62.8°, 66.3°, 68.0°, 72.5°, and 76.9° correspond to the characteristic crystalline planes of the hexagonal wurtzite zno structure, indicating high crystallinity of the zno phase. The most intense peak at approximately 36.2° is assigned to the (101) plane, suggesting that zno nanoparticles are the dominant crystalline component. The geopolymer shows a broad o–h stretching band around ~3400 cm⁻¹ and an h–o–h bending band near ~1630 cm⁻¹, indicating adsorbed moisture and hydroxyl groups. Its main structural band appears between 1000–1100 cm⁻¹, corresponding to asymmetric si–o–t (t = si or al) stretching, along with symmetric stretching (800–700 cm⁻¹) and si–o–si bending (600–450 cm⁻¹). The zno nanoparticles display a characteristic zn–o stretching vibration around ~430–450 cm⁻¹. Isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption process fitted well with the langmuir and freundlich models, suggesting both monolayer and heterogeneous surface adsorption mechanisms. Kinetic investigations indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, implying that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism controlling the adsorption process. The zno/geopolymer nanocomposite exhibited high adsorption capacity, stability, and reusability due to its porous structure and large surface area. The findings demonstrate that zno/geopolymer nanocomposites are promising, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable materials for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater contaminated with toxic heavy metals.

The physicochemical quality of the Tshopo River water before it enters the REGIDESO SA/Kisangani treatment plant in the Democratic Republic of Congo during the year 2024 was the subject of our research. The results show that the water quality of the Tshopo River does not differ significantly between quarters or between seasons in 2024, with p-values of 0.9647 and 0.9793, although there are noticeable differences between periods of heavy and dry rainfall. This is revealed by the results of analyses of more than seven physicochemical parameters, namely pH, turbidity, color, conductivity, temperature, oxidizable matter, and total alkalinity.

The formulation of advanced metalworking fluids (MWFs) relies heavily on the precise selection and integration of organic friction modifiers to optimize the tribological performance of machining operations. This paper investigates the complex structure-property relationships governing organic friction modifiers, focusing on their chemical architecture and subsequent boundary film formation across diverse metallurgical substrates. By synthesizing insights from experimental tribology and advanced data-driven modeling techniques, this study proposes a comprehensive, hypothetical framework designed to evaluate and predict the frictional behavior of various fluid formulations on distinct metal surfaces. The structural components of the modifiers, notably their polar anchoring groups and non-polar aliphatic chains, are analyzed in the context of their competitive adsorption and reaction dynamics. Ultimately, this research bridges the gap between empirical friction studies and autonomous, machine-learning-driven materials discovery, offering a predictive methodology to tailor MWFs for specific ferrous and non-ferrous applications while mitigating traditional trial-and-error bottlenecks.