Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents remain among the most effective and widely used drugs in cancer treatment. Since the clinical introduction of cisplatin, platinum complexes such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin have significantly improved therapeutic outcomes in several malignancies, which include testicular, ovarian, colorectal, lung, and bladder cancers. In spite of their remarkable clinical success, the therapeutic application of platinum drugs is frequently limited by severe toxicities, drug resistance, poor selectivity, and interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics. Consequently, accurate monitoring of platinum concentrations in biological systems has become increasingly important for optimizing dosage regimens, minimizing adverse effects, and improving therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses recent advances in the detection and quantification of platinum species in human samples, with emphasis on analytical and imaging techniques employed in clinical and biomedical studies. Conventional approaches such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy are critically examined alongside emerging technologies including fluorescence probes, biosensors, electrochemical sensing platforms, and nanotechnology-assisted imaging systems. The review further highlights the role of intracellular platinum tracking, mitochondrial targeting, and single-cell analysis in understanding platinum drug metabolism and mechanisms of resistance. Current challenges and future prospects in platinum monitoring for precision oncology are also discussed.

Energy drinks are increasingly consumed due to their perceived ability to enhance physical and mental performance. However, concerns remain regarding their stimulant composition and acidic nature. This study quantitatively determined the concentrations of caffeine, taurine, and titratable acidity in six commercially available energy drink brands sold in Abuja Nigeria namely Predator, Fearless, Climax, Monster, Red Bull, and Power Horse. Caffeine and taurine were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), while titratable acidity was determined using standard acid–base titration methods. The results showed that caffeine concentrations ranged from 129.14 ± 0.74 to 2186.66 ± 5.95 mg/L, with Climax recording the lowest level, while Power horse had the highest. Taurine concentrations varied between 59.16 ± 0.94 and 378.75 ± 0.83 mg/L, with Fearless exhibiting the highest taurine content and Climax showing the lowest concentration. Titratable acidity values ranged from 5.24 ± 0.20 to 9.77 ± 0.56 g/100 mL, indicating varying degrees of acidity among the samples, with Power Horse and Monster showing relatively higher acidity levels. The low standard deviation values recorded demonstrate the precision and reliability of the analytical methods employed and the observed variations in caffeine, taurine, and acidity among the energy drinks highlight the need for continuous quality assessment and regulatory monitoring to ensure consumer safety. This study provides baseline scientific data on the chemical characteristics of energy drinks and supports the need for stricter regulatory oversight, improved labeling, and increased public awareness regarding energy drink consumption.