Infertility has grown into an emergent issue in recent times. It is defined as the inability of the couple to conceive despite two years of co habitation and unprotected exposure to pregnancy. As there is a dearth of studies concerning infertility among rural population this study was taken up in Sri Siddhartha Medical College, a constituent college of SSAHE, a Deemed to be university which caters to rural population of Tumkur district of Karnataka with the aim of assessing the role of HbA1c, Vitamin D and AMH in infertile women of the above mentioned population. Our case control study included age matched 40 infertile women and 40 apparently healthy women. Quantification of HbA1c was by fluorescence immunoassay on the Fine Care analyzer. AMH was assayed on cobas e immunoassay analyzer adopting chemiluminescene method. Vitamin D estimated by fully automated chemiluminescene analyzer Siemens Advia Centaur for 25-OH Vitamin D. Our study revealed statistically significant (P-<0.001) increase of Blood HbA1c and serum AMH whereas significant (P-<0.001) decrease in serum Vitamin D levels. The present study shows that there is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, significantly elevated HbA1c levels which is marker of long term glycemic control and increased AMH levels which indicated anovulation in infertile women. So it is suggested that early estimation of these biochemical parameters and their correction would possibly lead to increased chances of conception in these infertile women of rural population.

Plants species are most commonly used for metal phytoremediation in hydroponic as well as field experiments. The study remains unclear about methods measuring the growth parameters in Salix species. The aims of this review included the advanced methods that are used recently for measuring the growth parameters in Salix species. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy is used to find out the concentration of plant phosphorus and cadmium. Nitrogen concentration detected by using the laboratory analyzer such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Coomassie brilliant blue staining method is used commonly to determine the concentration of soluble proteins in plant samples. Biological activity of enzyme superoxide dismutase is measured by spectrophotometer at absorbance 560 nm. Lipid peroxidation in plant tissues determined by measuring the malondialdehyde formation using the thiobarbituric acid method. This method is based on spectrophotometric principle and red-violet complex is formed by the formation of malondialdehyde. Root activity in plant tissues determined by using the triphenyltetrazolium chloride test. The absorbance is then measured by spectrophotometer at absorbance 485 nm.

The effect of air-dry and sun-dry methanol extracts of Azanza garckeana pulp on serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes concentrations of Wister rats were evaluated. A total of thirty-five (35) rats were grouped into seven (7) of five rats each. Group A-C were given 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw air-dried methanol extract of A. garckeana pulp respectively, groups D-F were given 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw sun-dried methanol extract of A. garckeana pulp respectively while group G serve as the normal control. All treatments were administered orally twice a day (morning and evening) for a period of 2 weeks. Both extracts of A. garckeana pulp caused a dose dependent significant (p<0.05) increase in serum sodium, potassium and, decreases urea and uric acid levels when compared with the control rats. However, the extracts did not cause any significant (p>0.05) alterations to the levels of chloride and bicarbonate concentration when compared with the control group. The creatinine levels in rats treated with air-dry extract decreases (p<0.05) while those treated with the sun-dry extract compared well (p>0.05) with the control group. In conclusion, the extracts alter some functional integrity of kidney with more pronounced effect at higher dose, thus caution should be exercise when using A. garckeana for oral remedy.

Arabidopsisthaliana belongs to family (Brassicaceae) of mustard plant. It is widely studied because it has short generation time with life cycle of 6 week. There 20 cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGCs) genes in Arabidopsisthalianaout of which CNGC19 and CNGC20 are mainly involved in abiotic stresses like drought and salinity. The concerted effort is made to identify the role of CNGCs especially CNGC20 in salinity. Mutant lines of CNGC20 have been activated also identified potential role CNGC19 and CNGC20 in salt stress tolerance through activation tagging. It is functionally characterized CNGC20 for their potential role in salt stress. Knock out (KO) line was obtained from Salk Center and homozygous KO line was not sensitive to salt stress. Over-expression lines were developed and similar to KO line OX lines were also not tolerant to salt stress compared with wild type. Moreover, there was no significant difference between fresh weight of root and shoot.In addition, it has also been confirmed through public microarray databases that CNGC19 and CNGC20 are activated under salt stress in Arabidopsis. So it designed CRISPR/Cas construct for CNGC20 to develop double mutant of CNGC19 and CNGC20. The results indicate that KO and OX lines of CNGC20 are not significantly different than wild type under salinity, when compared with wild-type. However interaction of both CNGC19 and CNGC20 may result in clear information about their role in salt stress.

The 2019-novel corona virus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21th century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to identify major drug gable targets in corona virus (CoV). We searched PubMed and RCSB database with keywords HCoV, NCoV, corona virus, SERS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV, crystal structure, X-ray crystallography structure, NMR structure, target, and drug target till Feb 3, 2020. The search identified seven major targets (spike protein, envelop protein, membrane protein, protease, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin esterase, and helicase) for which drug design can be considered. There are other 16 nonstructural proteins (NSPs), which can also be considered from the drug design perspective. The major structural proteins and NSPs may serve an important role from drug design perspectives. However, the occurrence of frequent recombination events is a major deterrent factor toward the development of CoV-specific vaccines/drugs.