Background: The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are rising rapidly worldwide, especially in Asia. Diabetes has been linked to a shorter life expectancy mainly because of its complications, including heart disease, strokes, eye disease, and kidney failure and bone disease. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore, we investigated correlation between serum hsCRP and ALP level with glycaemic triad (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c) in case and control group. Methods: A cross sectional study consists of 200 patients out of which 100 normal healthy controls (Group I), case - 100 patients having type 2 DM (Group II). FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, hsCRP and ALP were measured. Results: Mean serum hsCRP and ALP level were statistically significantly higher in case group compared to control group. Moreover, significant positive correlation was observed between hsCRP and ALP level as well as both with FBS, PPBS and HbA1c. Conclusions: Oxidative stress and inflammation appears to be a key component and also associated with poor glycaemic control and further pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. All our finding suggesting a link between oxidative stress, inflammation and glycaemic control in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: End Stage Renal Disease is the common cuase of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from diabetes and hypertension. Loss of transferrin and renal impairment in diabetic patients might lead to microcytic anaemia. Progression of nephropathy in these patients can be prevented by checking the hemoglobin levels. Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the relationship of transferrin levels and anaemia in diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The study included 100 patients who were categorized as 20 normoalbuminuric, 40 microalbuminuric and 40 macroalbuminruic based on urine albumin levles. Serum Transferrin, Hemoglobin were measured in all the three groups. Results: The data obtained concludes that the levels of hemoglobin are significantly reduced in macroalbuminuric (9.0 + 1.61) than mciroalbuminuric (11.5 + 1.71) as compared to normoalbuminuric (13.1 + 1.91) patients. Serum transferrin levels were significantly reduced in macroalbuminuria (207 + 33.7) as compared to normoalbuminuria (263 + 51.8), which in correlation to hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Anaemia was often seen at an early stage in diabetic nephropathy than in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is, therefore, crucial to monitor anaemia to prevent the progression of renal disease in diabetic patients manifested as microalbuminuria. Plasma transferrin levels are decreased in macroalbuminuria though the synthesis is increased in diabetic nephropathy as the response doesn't compensate for the loss of transferrin in the urine. Further understanding of the mechanism and providing the therapy may improve patient outcomes.