The relationship between breast cancer and thyroid diseases is controversial. Discrepant results have been reported in the literature. The incidences of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were investigated in patients with breast cancer and age-matched control individuals without breast or thyroid disease. Methods: Clinical and ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland, determination of serum thyroid hormone and antibody levels, and fine-needle aspiration of thyroid gland were performed in 150 breast cancer patients and 100 control individuals. Results: The mean values for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in control individuals (P = 0.030). The incidences of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were higher in breast cancer patients than in control individuals (38% versus 17%, P = 0.001; 26% versus 9%, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our results indicate an increased prevalence of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases in breast cancer patients. There is always a controversy on the relationship between breast cancer and thyroid disorders. As these tissues, i.e., breast and thyroid, originate embryologically from the same type of cells, hypothyroid/hyperthyroid females are more prone to develop benign or malignant breast tumors. The studies on breast cancer patients indicate increased thyroid disorders in breast cancer patients, most commonly Hashimoto's thyroiditis accounts to increased thyroid disorders in these patients. This is independent of hormonal receptor status of the patient. These findings suggest the usefulness of screening for thyroid disease in any patient with breast cancer.

Water for human consumption may contain pollutants, so it needs to be treated. A natural clay, Bildet Omar bentonite (southern Algeria), was purified and characterized by calcination, pH-metry, IR, XRD and SEM. The results obtained showed that the clay has a conductance of 66.4 μS, a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 0.91 meq / g and contains 12% of organic matter. Characterizations by IR, XRD and SEM showed that Maghnia bentonite (B) is composed of quartz as major impurity, illite (7%) and mainly montmorillonite. This clay was saturated with sodium (Na +) and associated with iron (III), aluminum (III) and copper (II). The latter are inserted, by couple (Al-Cu, Fe-Cu and Fe-Al, 50 - 50% in atoms), in the inter-sheet space of the soda montmorillonite. The mass ratio metals / B is equal to 0.0625. The samples obtained are applied to fix the organic matter (MO) wastewater, very heavy, the city of Touggourt (southeastern Algeria). These organic materials represent 60% of suspended matter (MES). This work involves the study of urban wastewater treatment in the Touggourt town by natural processes. Water is used red and green clay from the region of Bildet Omar, it shows the importance of effective treatment of wastewater by clay. The results obtained show that: • The best clarification is achieved with the use of clay • Parallel treatment significantly reduces organic matter. • The use of yellow clay leads to a better elimination of turbidity and organic matter.