Backround: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that originates in abnormal pluripotent bone marrow stem cell and is associated with the BCR ABL1 fusion gene located in the Philadelphia chromosome. Objective: Molecular diagnosis is done by detecting BCR-ABL fusion transcripts which is also helpful in the identification of various molecular subtypes on the basis of breakpoint cluster regions involved in the translocation. Materials & Methods: This was a data based study & a total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study. The molecular diagnosis was done on Real Time PCR in a stepwise manner using commercial kits. Firstly RNA was extracted from blood kits, then cDNA was synthesized which was subjected to quantitative PCR & the BCR-ABL/ABL ratio was calculated. Results: Out of the 90 patients who reported with mild to moderate leucocytosis Philadelphia chromosome was not detected in 14 patients, 18 patients were with negative BCR-ABL/ABL ratio and 58 patients were found to be positive with mean value of 36.17±7.43 of the ratio which decreased with the treatment. Conclusion: Molecular detection of the BCR-ABL/ABL ratio is an important tool for assessing response to therapy and in developing more effective therapeutic modalities.

Malnutrition has been implicated as a possible indicator of development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Recently a new quantitative scoring system, called MQSGA (Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment) has been developed to assess dialysis malnutrition. Study was conducted with following objectives 1) To assess the nutritional status in hemodialysis patients by the MQSGA scoring. 2) To correlate the MQSGA score with biochemical marker of malnutrition- Albumin and inflammatory marker hs CRP (High Sensitive CRP). 50 patients in the age group of 20-70 years diagnosed as having chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis were studied. MQSGA score was calculated using 7 features- weight change, dietary intake, GI symptoms, functional capacity, co-morbidity, subcutaneous fat and signs of muscle wasting. Serum albumin levels were estimated using end point colorimetric method and hsCRP using Immunoturbidimetric method. MQSGA scores in the present study was found to be 17.32+4.37 in males and 16.2+4.81 in females with a total 17.19+4.4. hsCRP levels was found to be significantly raised (16.59+21.4mg/L). Serum Albumin levels were low (3.27+0.67 g/dl), in both males (3.28+0.69) and females (3.22+0.153). There was a significant positive correlation between serum hsCRP levels and MQSGA scores of the subjects (p=0.0418, r=0.3156). To conclude Nutritional status of the patients undergoing dialysis is frequently ignored. Present study shows moderate degree of malnutrition in CKD patients. Simple methods of nutritional assessment and diet modification could have a favorable impact on the patient management.

Hypertension (HTN) is an asymptomatic easily detectable chronic cardiovascular disorder which can cause coronary heart diseases, stroke and other complications. The relationship between trace elements and cardiovascular diseases is under investigation and showed conflicting results.In this study levels of magnesium, copper, zinc, iron in hypertensives were estimated and compared with normal healthy controls. A case control study was undertaken over a period of 6 months included 100 individuals aged between 25-65 years. 50 cases were hypertensive patients free from diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, any other chronic diseases, while 50 normal healthy subjects were controls. In both the groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum magnesium, copper, zinc and iron levels were obtained. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum copper, zinc was significantly high (p value <0.05) and magnesium, iron levels were significantly low in hypertensives. Excess free radicals, increased stress has been implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of hypertension. Copper and iron increase the levels of free radicals acting as a pro-oxidant leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension. Increased zinc can be due to intracellular increase in renal zinc favoring the activity of carbonic anhydrase and causing an effect opposite to that of some diuretics. Elevated zinc leads to high sympathetic nervous activity. Decreased magnesium potentiates vasoconstriction and increase vascular tone leading to hypertension. We conclude that there exists a relationship between serum magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and hypertension but, further large-scale population studies should be undertaken to establish the role of various trace elements in hypertension

Aim: To study haematological parameters, haematological ratios and serum total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in normal pregnant women and in women with preeclampsia. Materials & Methods: 30 women with preeclampsia and 30 normotensive pregnant women admitted to the Department of OBG were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected and analysed for CBC, serum LDH and ALP in the Clinical Biochemistry & Pathology Laboratory of MVJ Medical College. Statistical tests were employed to evaluate the significance of the differences obtained between the groups. Results: Serum LDH and Neutrophil – Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) showed a significant difference between control group and preeclampsia group. Platelet count showed a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure and serum LDH levels and serum ALP showed a positive correlation with serum LDH levels in the patient group. Conclusion: These simple markers might be used as predictors of preeclampsia if analysed routinely in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study needs to be replicated with a larger sample size and prospective study design to validate the findings and implement these in clinical practice