Diabetes mellitus remains a global public health problem associated with many complications. Acacia nilotica has been used in local management of diabetes and demonstrated anti-diabetic activities in animal model. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit-fly) has been used as a model for investigating pharmacological activities of natural products because of its genetic resemblance to human genes. This study aims at evaluating the anti-diabetic activities of aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica in HSD-induced diabetic Drosophila melanogaster model. The results showed that flies treated with 0.250 g/mL and 0.500 g/mL of the extract demostrated significant (p < 0.05) increase in locomotor performance compared with diabetic control. The aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) decrease in glucose, glycogen, trehalose and triglycerides levels in the treated flies compared with diabetic control. In comparison with diabetic control, the extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) decrease in MDA level and increase in SOD, CAT and GSH levels in treated flies. The aqueous leaves extract of Acacia nilotica demonstrates significant anti-diabetic activity in Drosophila melanogaster model validating its anti-diabetic effect in animal model and its use in the local management of diabetes.

Background and aim: Cocaine is recognized for its high toxicity to several vital organs, such as the brain, the liver as well as heart and blood vessels. However, the underlying mechanisms of cocaine-induced toxicity remain insufficiently understood. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is the primary molecular chaperone involved in maintaining protein quality, engaging in various cellular activities through its interaction with diverse client proteins and serves as the main coordinator of the cellular proteostasis system. We aimed to assess serum (HSP70) levels in the present study, and to explore potential associations with selected biochemical markers in individuals with cocaine dependence. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 120 Iraqi participants, comprising 60 males diagnosed with cocaine dependence (aged 18–50 years) and 60 healthy males as control group (aged 18–50 years). Serum levels of HSP70 and various metabolic markers including benzoylecgonine, (SOD), (GPx), (TNF-α), (IL-6), (hs-CRP) and D-dimer were measured in all subjects. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the two groups and evaluate correlations among the investigated parameters. Results: The results indicated that the mean level of the biomarker benzoylecgonine was positive in the cocaine addiction group, whereas it was negative in the group of control, with a significant statistically difference (P= 0.02). Statistical evaluation revealed a significantly reduction in (SOD) levels among individuals with cocaine addiction as compared to the control group (97.7±19.4 versus 223±24.7, P=0.03), respectively. A significantly decline in serum (GPx) levels in group of the cocaine addiction relative to the group of control (99.2±10.7 versus 172.5±13.7, P=0.01), respectively. Serum levels of (HSP70) was a significantly increased in individuals with cocaine addiction as compared to the control group (3.6±1.3 versus 1.01±0.46, P=0.02), respectively. Serum levels of D-dimer was a significantly increased in individuals with cocaine addiction as compared to the group of control (750±35 versus 300±20, P=0.03), respectively. HSP70 levels in this findings revealed a strong significant inverse correlations with SOD and GPx, while a strong significant direct correlation with D-dimer.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern causing multi-organ complications, with postmenopausal women being particularly vulnerable due to hormonal and metabolic changes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and renal function markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and renal function markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study at the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh (July 2014–June 2015) included 100 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes to assess the association of microalbuminuria with renal function markers. After ethical approval and consent, fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected to measure glucose, HbA1c, serum albumin, serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, microalbuminuria, and ACR. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 with t-tests and Pearson’s correlation; p < 0.05 was significant. Results: In 100 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, 78% were microalbuminuria positive. Prevalence was 94.4% with abnormal serum albumin, 100% with raised ACR, and 91.7% with raised serum creatinine. Microalbuminuria correlated strongly with serum albumin (r = –0.750), urinary creatinine (r = –0.762), ACR (r = +0.997), and serum creatinine (r = +0.694), all p = 0.001. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is strongly associated with renal function markers, highlighting the need for early detection of kidney dysfunction in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.