Introduction: Disturbances in lipid profile are very common in hemodialysis patients. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) has been proposed as a good predictor of atherogenic potential in the general population, but there is little data on this parameter in hemodialysis patients. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in a series of hemodialysis patients and to appreciate the contribution of non-HDL-c in the identification of non-traditional risk factors related to lipoprotein subclasses. Materials and methods: we performed a case-control study which included 100 chronic hemodialysis patients, from October 2014 to February 2015. We evaluated anthropometric markers and lipids parameters in HD patients and control patients, and the correlation between them was investigated. Results: One hundred chronic hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 48 ± 17 years participated in this study. The most common lipid abnormality was a decrease in HDL-c (47%), followed by an increase in HDL-c (27%) and hypertriglyceridemia (20%). Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, and CT/HDL-C ratio are significantly higher in the group of patients with high non-HDL-c compared to the low non-HDL-c group. In addition, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the levels of non-HDL-c and either LDL-C (r = 0.917, p = 0.000) or TC (r = 0.941, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our study suggests that non-HDL cholesterol is an indicator valuable in the diagnosis, monitoring of dyslipidemia and assessment of cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. It amply deserves to be included in the parameters of the lipid balance within the framework of the follow-up of hemodialysis patients.