Camellia sinensis (Lipton tea) contains polyphenols responsible for antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer effects. Citrus aurauntifolia is one of the major fruit trees that grows throughout the world and is known for its refreshing juice and health benefits. Some attributes of Citrus aurauntifolia (Lime) include pharmacological properties such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Lime contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, pectins, vitamin C and vitamin E. The study was aimed at determining the effects of the decoction of lime and lipton tea on plasma glucose concentration and weight of normal albino rats. Twenty four (24) female albino normal rats of average body weight of 150g were randomly placed into two (2) groups of twelve rats each. The plasma glucose concentration was determined by spectrophotometry. The result showed that the plasma glucose decreased significantly (p<0.05) in test group compared to the controls. The rats in the test group experienced some weight loss compared to the control group with no statistical significance (p<0.05). The histological report showed that the decoction of lime and lipton tea, affected the liver, kidney adversely but had no effect on the heart after two weeks of administration. The decoction of lime and lipton tea in moderate dosage can be clinically significant in the reduction of high plasma glucose levels, hence may be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Thyroid diseases are a common endocrine disorder, and thyroid hormones physiologically are well-known to have direct and indirect effects on metabolic abnormalities. Disorders of carbohydrates (glucose) metabolism are frequently reported in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This review considered to examine and analyze the role of thyroid hormones and their abnormalities in different level of glucose metabolism in intestinal and liver cells. A broad literature search been performed on Google Scholar and PubMed for the periods between 01/01/2021 and 25/03/2021. The search includes the followings key words; thyroid hormones, glucose metabolism, hepatocytes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid receptors. Liver represents a major organ that involves in both consumption, storage and production of glucose. The expression of thyroid hormones receptors in the hepatocytes are often recoded. Thyroid hormones facilitate glucose absorption from gastrointestinal system. In hyperthyroidism, hepatic glucose intake, glucokinase activity, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and hepatic glucose production all shown to increase. In hypothyroidism, intestinal Glucose Absorption, GLUT2 expression in hepatocytes, hepatic glucose intake, glucokinase activity, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis are all seeming to reduced. In conclusion; Thyroid hormones represents a major regulator of glucose metabolism, and achieve their effects through promotion or demotion of expression or activation of enzymes responsible for regulation of different metabolic pathways. Thyroid disorders is associated with abnormal metabolism that could disturb the metabolic pathways and contributes or exacerbate other concomitant disease such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.