Background: Glenoid version is a key morphometric parameter influencing glenohumeral joint biomechanics, stability, and load distribution. Alterations in glenoid orientation, particularly increased retroversion, have been implicated in abnormal joint kinematics, posterior humeral head translation, and degenerative shoulder conditions. While glenoid version has been extensively studied in normal and arthritic shoulders, its role in frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) remains inadequately explored, especially in relation to repetitive overhead activity. Aim: To evaluate glenoid version in patients with frozen shoulder using computed tomography (CT) and to analyze its association with dominance and overhead activity. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 40 patients clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder. Glenoid version was measured on axial CT images using the Friedman method. Comparisons were made between dominant and non-dominant shoulders and between patients with and without a history of repetitive overhead activity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with results expressed as mean, standard deviation, and p-values. Results: The mean glenoid version was −10.9 ± 3.4°, indicating overall retroversion. Increased retroversion (>10°) was observed in 45% of patients. Glenoid retroversion was significantly greater in patients with overhead activity compared to those without (p < 0.001) and on the dominant side compared to the non-dominant side (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Increased glenoid retroversion is common in frozen shoulder patients, particularly in those with dominant-side involvement and repetitive overhead activity, suggesting a possible biomechanical contribution to disease pathology. Keywords: Glenoid version, glenoid fossa, retroversion, observational study.

Introduction: The fibula is an important long bone of the leg that contributes to ankle stability, weight transmission, and serves as a preferred donor site for bone grafting. Knowledge of its morphometry and nutrient foramen characteristics is essential for orthopedic, reconstructive, and vascular procedures. Aim of the research was to study the morphology, morphometry, and position of nutrient foramina of the fibula in an Indian population. A descriptive osteometric study was conducted on 50 dried adult human fibulae, comprising 25 right- and 25 left-sided bones. Measurements of fibular length and articular facet dimensions were recorded using a digital Vernier caliper and osteometric board. Nutrient foramina were identified using a magnifying lens and their positions were classified according to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the shaft. Result: The mean fibular length was slightly higher on the right side (34.52 ± 1.34 cm) compared to the left (34.24 ± 1.42 cm), with no statistically significant side-to-side difference (p > 0.05). Measurements of superior and inferior articular facets also showed no significant bilateral variation. A total of 47 nutrient foramina were identified, with the majority (78.7%) located in the middle one-third of the fibular shaft. Conclusion: The study demonstrates bilateral symmetry in fibular morphometry and a predominant localization of nutrient foramina in the middle third of the shaft. These findings provide useful baseline anatomical data relevant to orthopedic surgery, bone grafting, and forensic applications.

Background: Exam-related stress and anxiety are common occurrences among medical students, especially with changing curricular trends and assessment patterns. It leads to psychosomatic disturbances (Gastrointestinal disturbances, chronic pain disorders, substance abuse, drug overuse, depression, etc.) especially around exam periods. It lowers their academic performance and satisfaction levels, ultimately affecting the health care delivery in long run. Methodology: A pre-validated questionnaire was circulated among the exam-going students. Anonymous responses were solicitated to encourage honest responses. We used MS-Excel for quantitative analysis. Content and thematic analysis was done for qualitative responses. Results: Out of 205 responders, there were 88 and 117 students from 3rd and 4th MBBS year respectively. About 56% of students perceived moderate-to-significant exam-related stress. Apart from exams in general, most were apprehensive about practical exam performance and faculty expectations. Only about 42% were satisfied with their level/efforts of study against the academic workload. Common themes for causation were time management, concentration challenges, lack of guidance/support, and ineffective study techniques. Vast majority had sleep disturbances and about 60% had somatic disturbances. Students had a strong preference for informal and emotion-based coping. Conclusion: Exam-related stress in multifactorial and needs to be addressed appropriately. Implementing structured study schedules and time management techniques could alleviate some of the stress. Encouraging active learning methods, such as spaced repetition and active recall, might enhance retention.