This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College in Kalwa, Thane, Maharashtra state, India. After obtaining permissions from the Institutional Ethics Committee and institutional authorities for conducting the study, the purpose of the study and the procedure for objective structured practical examination (including check-list based marking system) was explained to first-year MBBS students and written informed consent was obtained from those willing to participate in the study. Traditional practical examination was first conducted and overall marks (out of 5) were allotted by the examiners. In the objective structured practical examination, the examiners were provided with a pre-validated checklist and the maximum score obtainable was 5 marks. A total of 54 first-year MBBS students (27 females and 27 males) participated in the study. The students obtained significantly higher scores in traditional practical examination but the gender differences in scores were not significant.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inherited genetically. There may be an association with blood group as blood group is predetermined genetically. Methods: Two hundred and thirty one (231) diabetic patients are included in the study which conducted by department of physiology. Diabetic patients were taken from medicine department, and the distribution of blood group among apparently healthy blood donors at Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion (IHBT) was taken as control population. Results: Our study showed no statistically significant association of T2DM with blood group (p-value=0.81). The percentages of blood group O, A, B and AB in T2DM and control are respectively (31.16% & 34%) (30.73% & 32%), (25.10% & 23%) and (12.98% & 9%).Conclusion: The present study showed no significant association of ABO blood groups with T2DM.

Myopia is one of the commonest manifestations affecting school going children. Excessive use of gadgets forms the prime cause apart from the other cause like malnutrition, economic status or genetic conditions. The aim is to study the prevalence of myopia in school children in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. With required permissions from the school authorities, five schools were enrolled in the study. 1738 school children of classes 6th-10th with age ranging from 9-15 years were registered. There were 982 boys and 756 girls. The method of examination has been clearly explained to them. The results were represented graphically. The prevalence of myopia from the present study from the students of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh was 7.30%. Girls were more affected 8.33%. When the socio economic status was considered, more students from low socio economic group were found to be affected with myopia. The maximum number of students having myopia was in the age group of 12 years. The students were addressed and the results were explained to them. They were adviced the required measures to prevent further progress of the condition. The students with symptoms were suggested for an Ophthalmic consultation.

Background: In the current era of globalization and modernization teaching - learning methods employed in medical education needs revamping to keep pace with the changing trends in teacher-student interactions and teaching-learning methods. Social media as an educational tool seems to be a promising adjunct to impart medical knowledge to the millennial minds. So, the current study was done with students studying anatomy in first year M.B.B.S 2017 – 2018 batch at GMC &ESICH, CBE to evaluate the usefulness of social media as an educational tool in learning anatomy. Aims & Objectives: To assess the impact and usefulness of social media in learning anatomy among students studying in first year M.B.B.S 2017 – 2018 batch at GMC &ESICH, CBE for a period of one year. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared containing 9 questions pertaining to the usefulness of social media as a tool in the learning anatomy after getting ethical clearance. The same was given to 100 students studying in the first-year MBBS and their responses were collected and evaluated statically. Results: Out of 100 questionnaires distributed, all were completed, collected and evaluated (response rate: 100%). Of 100 students, 86% students felt that using social media helped them to understand the subject better, 81% students felt that social media tools they used made their learning experience enjoyable and subjects interesting, 67% students felt that they were motivated to learn more through social media and that they could inculcate the habit of learning through social media with ease, 52% of students answered positively for usefulness for all topics, 44% of students answered excellent as their overall rating, 41% of students felt that using social media tools was more time consuming, 38% of students felt that it was useful for preparing and facing their various theory and practical examinations, 16% of students reported using social media regularly for their study of anatomy. Conclusion: So

Background: The retrohepatic segment of the inferior venacava lies in the groove on the posterior surface between caudate and the right lobe of the liver and has the hepatic veins opening into it, these openings are known as “Ostia Venae Hepaticae”. Aims & objectives: The aim of the present study is to analyse and interpret the axial direction course and its variations in the retrohepatic segment of inferior venacava in the Tamilnadu population. Material and Methodology: Seventy formalin-fixed adult liver specimens were taken for this study and carried out in the department of anatomy, SRMC &RI, during the year 2012-2015. To keep the liver in anatomical position to find out the axial direction in the retrohepatic segment of the inferior venacaval groove concerning the longitudinal axis of the liver, it was observed to have vertical, oblique toward left or curved toward left. Observation & Results: Our observation of the oblique axial direction of the RHIVC was close to the other observations reported by previous authors in Indians. The incidence of the left curve in the present study was close to the results reported by the majority of previous authors. The vertical orientation of RHIVC was similar to the results reported in the existing literature. In the present study in Tamilnadu population n=70, axial direction shows n=18-25.7%, vertical n=32 - 45.7%, oblique n=20 -28.5%. Conclusion: To conclude, this study re-emphasizes the vitality of the knowledge of the varied pattern of the retrohepatic segment of inferior vena cava in facilitating an accurate and better-designed road map for the hepatologists, liver transplant surgeons and interventional radiologists.

Gingival hyperplasia or enlargement is usually a secondary manifestation of underlying systemic diseases or drug induced or part of a syndrome. In certain cases if the causative factors of gingival enlargement are unknown, then it should be categorized as idiopathic gingival hyperplasia. We are presenting a case report of idiopathic gingival hyperplasia with the chief complaints of generalized gingival hyperplasia with supernumerary teeth mimicking Zimmermann Laband syndrome. The management of patients with idiopathic gingival hyperplasia should be thoroughly examined to rule out the known cause and blood samples should be taken to exclude blood dyscrasias.

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to compare the scores obtained by students in traditional practical examination with that obtained in objective structured practical examination in Osteology, which is a “must know” component of the first-year MBBS curriculum in Anatomy. After obtaining permissions from the Institutional Ethics Committee and institutional authorities for conducting the study, first-year MBBS students were oriented about the purpose of the study, the objective structured practical examination procedure, the check-list based marking system and their written informed consent was obtained. The maximum marks obtainable in both traditional practical examination and objective structured practical examination were 10 marks each. A total of 55 (27 females; 49.09% and 28 males; 51.91%) first-year MBBS students participated in the study. The students obtained higher scores in objective structured practical examination, as compared that in traditional practical examination. The male students had a higher maximum score in traditional practical examination but the gender difference in scores was not significant either for traditional practical examination (p=0.054) or for objective structured practical examination (p=0.934). Students obtaining relatively lower scores would require remedial training. A larger study would be necessary in order to generalize the results.