Assessment of stature and sitting height is of importance when estimating the growth and development of individuals. These indices serve as markers for determining the overall nutritional, health, and general growth patterns of children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the pattern of stature and sitting height variations in urban Lagos adolescent school children. In the study, a total of 674 students aged 10 to 17 years were used, comprising 354 males and 320 females. These were drawn from two secondary schools, one of high socio-economic status and the other of low socio-economic status. Two anthropometric parameters were measured: sitting height and stature. The results obtained were presented in tables and graphs with their means, standard deviation, and median. It was observed that boys generally had higher values of stature and sitting height compared to girls of the same age group, especially in ages 10 to 15 years, but had similar or closely related values between 16 to 17 years. Also, students of schools with high socio-economic status were observed to have higher measurements compared to those from schools with low socio-economic status. Stature was generally higher in girls of high economic status compared to boys of the same status, and was higher than both boys and girls of low economic status, and this was marked at ages 10 to 14 years.

Understanding the evolution of cardiovascular knowledge requires exploring the classical insights of Greek and Arab physicians. This study examines historical perspectives on arteries, veins, blood, and pneuma from early Greek philosophers like Alcmaeon and Buqrāt (Hippocrates) to Jalinūs (Galen), and their subsequent refinement by Arab scholars such as Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) and Ibn Al-Nafīs. The study reveals the contributions of Greek and Arab scholars to the understanding of vascular anatomy and function, including the concept of pneuma, the distinction between arteries and veins, and the idea of blood circulation. The results of the studies and experiments conducted by the ancient Greek and Greeko-Arab scholars led to a greater understanding of the anatomy and function of blood vessels, including the discovery that arteries contain blood and the differentiation between arterial and venous blood. Through critical analysis of classical texts of Herophilūs, Erasistrātūs, Jalinūs, and Rabbān al-Tabarī, this paper highlights how translation, observation, and commentary shaped the foundational concepts of vascular anatomy and function. The study highlights the continuity and transformation of vascular concepts across eras, emphasizing their impact on modern vascular anatomy as well cardiovascular physiology. These insights underscore the importance of historical perspectives in comprehending current medical knowledge and may inform future integrative approaches in medical education and research.