Anorectal malformations are one of the common congenital anomalies with an incidence of 1-3000 to 5000. Up to 70% of the patients have associated anomalies. Forty to seventy percent of ARM patients have one or more additional defects of other organ systems. The etiology of ARM is multifactorial, it includes both genetic and environmental. This study was done to determine the structural and numerical chromosomal associated with anorectal malformations. 150 patients were included in the study. A full physical examination of the child was conducted followed by an infantogram, echocardiogram, and spinal ultrasound scan was done to investigate different associated anomalies. The patients were classified according to the Krickenbeck classification. Karyotyping was done to determine the structural and numerical chromosomal anomalies. ARM with perineal fistula was the common type of ARM. Out of 150 karyotypes done, only two patients had abnormal karyotypes. Both patients had Downs syndrome. Consanguinity was found in 22% of the cases. Karyotyping plays a vital role in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with anorectal malformations by identifying chromosomal abnormalities, guiding management decisions, providing prognostic information, and enabling genetic counseling.

Background: Metabolic syndrome refers to the co-occurrence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. It is usually associated with abdominal obesity and is implicated in the development of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers. Objectives: This study aimed at establishing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Enugu metropolis. Method: This was a cross-sectional community-based descriptive survey carried out in Enugu Metropolis involving 469 apparently healthy adult volunteers age range 18-75 screened for metabolic syndrome using the joint interim statement (JIS) definition. Stratified random sampling technique was used in the selection of participants in this cross-sectional study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The data obtained were coded and analyzed into frequencies, percentages and mean using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Chi-square (x) test was used to compare categorical variables for associations while multi-nominal logistic regression was used to examine correlates. Statistical significance is set at p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Result: The study shows 16.4% prevalence in the study population with higher female prevalence (Female=23%; Male=8%). Increase in prevalence with age was also noted (1.98%=18-30year; 22.73% = 31-50year; 57.14% =51-75year). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is already a health challenge in Enugu and life style modification should be encouraged in our clinics on or before the age of 30.