Background: The cephalic index and head circumference are important anthropometric parameters that can provide insights into the physical characteristics and growth patterns of populations. There is dearth of data on Cephalic Index and Head circumference of Igbo Children and Adolescents. Method: This study examined 725 Igbo children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria, using a cross-sectional approach. Results: The majority of participants exhibited mesocephalic head shape (43.2%), with brachycephalic and dolichocephalic shapes observed in 32.7% and 14.2% of the population, respectively. Mean head circumference increased with age in both sexes. Cephalic indices in boys under 12 and girls under 15 were below 80 but increased above these ages. Changes in head shape, potentially towards brachycephalization, were noted as children grew. Significant correlations were found between head circumference and cephalic index with age, height, weight, and body mass index, suggesting their relevance in forensic and anthropological investigations. Conclusion: Our results indicate diversity in head shapes and sizes, with mesocephalic heads being most common. As age increases, head circumference also tends to increase, and changes in head shape towards brachycephalization was observed. These findings underscore the importance of understanding anthropometric variations in different populations and suggest avenues for further research, particularly longitudinal studies, to explore the factors influencing these patterns.

Introduction: The Unani system of medicine is an all-encompassing medical framework that intricately addresses the diverse conditions of well-being and illness. It offers supportive, precautionary, remedial, and restorative healthcare with a comprehensive perspective. (The literal meaning of Tashreeh is “to cut," “to dissect,” and “to open,” according to Arabic lughat.) The word Tashreeh used for anatomy as describing the human body, practicing the science of dissection, and the forensic sense of autopsy. The Nizam-e-Kabidi wa Safrawiyya (hepatobiliary system) consists of the Kabid (liver), Majra-e-Safrawiyya (bile ducts), and Marara (gallbladder). The liver is the largest and unique organ, considered a source of Hararat-e-Ghariziya (innate heat), and performs a wide range of metabolic activities required for homeostasis, nutrition, and immune defense. Objectives: To collect and compile the detailed understanding of Greek-o-Arab physicians in the field of Tashreeh of Nizam-e-kabidi wa safrawiyya (hepatobiliary system) and analyze the original literature by Greek-o-Arab scholars who published books on Tashreeh of Nizam-e-kabidi wa Safrawiyya (hepatobiliary system). Materials and Methods: This study involves the exploration and compilation of information sourced from traditional Unani texts such as Alqanoon fi’tib, Kamil-al-sana, Kitab-al-Mansoori, Kitab-al-Miat, and Kitab-al-kulliyat, as well as contemporary sources like journals, research papers, and modern books. Conclusion: This paper will provide the literature on Nizam-e-Kabidi wa safrawiyya (hepatobiliary system) given by Greek-o-Arab physicians, which can open many doors for reviewers as well as clinical researchers in the future.