Increasing incidences of obesity are widely and significantly connected to the risks of cardiovascular/coronary heart diseases, hypertension, stroke, etc. However, prevalence of obesity contrasts by genetic, gender and inter/intra population factors. The present study thus investigated the changes in atherogenic lipid profile in obese women resident in Rivers State. A minimum sample size of 272 was determined using the Leslie Fischer's formula; precisely 334 obese and non-obese women within their 18 and 65 years of age with no critical health condition and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were recruited across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were uniformly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Anthropometric (body mass index-BMI) data and blood sample (via antecubital vein following standard procedures) were obtained from the consenting subjects. After laboratory analyses, the numerical data were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. Virtually all atherogenic lipid profile markers evaluated in the present study [TC, TG, and LDL-C, Castelli risk index (CRI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and AC atherogenic coefficient (AC)] were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the obese subjects compared to those of the non-obese. And the values were even higher in the riverine obese subjects than in those of their upland counterparts. In conclusion, the outcome of the present study indicates possible existence of intra-cultural or intra-population distinctions that may be responsible for the severer atherogenic lipid profile of the obese subjects, (particularly amongst the riverine subjects). The likely imminent grave health risks (like coronary artery diseases, cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerotic, etc.) amongst the subjects (mainly the riverine residents) must be checked and properly managed at the levels of the individual, caregiver and government/regulators, in order to consciously reduce the huge health burden of obesity in our populace.

Background: Women suffers 10 times more with thyroid disorders than men. Alterations in menstrual cycle alters thyroid function which could be either hypo or hyper thyroidism. Abnormal increase in serum prolactin level can cause disturbance in follicle maturation and corpus luteum function, and can lead to inhibition of normal secretion of GR hormone in hypothalamus which results in anovulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the thyroid and the prolactin levels among the women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding at tertiary care Hospital of western Rajasthan. Methods: An observational study was conducted for a period two years i.e from 2020 to 2022 in our institution at the gynaecology OPD with help of pathology department. 250 Patients with the complaints of dysfunctional uterine bleeding of age group between 25 to 70 years were included in the study. Estimation of Free T3, Free T4, TSH and prolactin was done by chemiluminescent immunoassay for the patients. Results: The mean TSH levels among the DUB cases was high. Similarly, hyperprolactinemia was found in cases and the mean prolactin levels were higher in cases. Significantly strong positive correlation between thyroid function and prolactin with p value <0.0001 was found.which indicates that as the TSH level increases prolactin levels also increases. Conclusions: Early detection of hypothyroidism in DUB cases can save the patient from recurrent curettage and at times hysterectomy. The financial implications of screening for prolactin/thyroid hormone abnormalities will have to be evaluated before a general recommendation can be made.

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is one of the most frequently encountered conditions in gynaecological practice world over and is defined as bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, regularity and /or timing and has been present for majority of the past 6 months. This study was done to evaluate histology of endometrium for identifying the endometrial causes of DUB. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan on 250 patients who presented with DUB from June 2020– September 2022. The endometrial changes were observed by reviewing and studying the histological slides, prepared through routine processing channels which includes fixation, grossing, tissue processing, dehydration, paraffin embedding, cutting and H&E staining procedures. Results: The commonest endometrial pattern was proliferative pattern in 145(58.00%) cases. Followed by secretary pattern in 34(13.60%), disordered proliferative pattern 19(7.60%). Cystic Dilatation11 (4.4%), Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia 9 (3.6%), Atrophic Changes 9(3.6%), Late Proliferative Pattern8 (3.2%), Early Secretory Pattern 6(2.4%), Hyperplasia without atypia5 (2%), Arias Stella reaction3 (1.2%), Cystic Hyperplasia1(0.4%). Conclusion: The incidence of proliferative pattern was significantly high in this study, suggesting an early presentation of these patients.

The histology of the testis and sperm parameters of Wistar rats was investigated with a view to determining the potential of Ficus thonningii ethanol leaf extract in correcting the testicular damage caused by high dosage of Amlodipine. Five groups of Wistar rats were used for the study. They included, the control that received sterile water (vehicle), 0.2 ml/ 100 g rat; a drug-only group which received a dosage of 0.07 mg/kg, p.o.; a drug and low dose extract group that received 0.07 mg/kg, p.o. and extract of 300 mg/kg, p.o.; a drug and high dose extract group that received 0.07 mg/kg, p.o. and extract of 400 mg/kg, p.o.; and an extract-only group which received 300 mg/kg, p.o. of extract, all for a duration of 64 days (8 weeks). The values obtained from the control and treatment groups were compared statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference relative to the control group for sperm parameters. In conclusion, ethanol leaf extract of Ficus thonningii had ameliorative and prophylactic abilities to counter damage induced on the testis by Amlodipine when the extract was administered at both low and high doses in test animal subjects.