Background: Improve insulin secretion and cellular availability to reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic subjects by bioactive compound especially antioxidants are the new focus to ameliorate the complication with diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of administration of melatonin and magnesium on the cytoarchitecture of the pancreatic tissue and to access immunohistochemically insulin release in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino rats. Materials and methods: To achieve this aim six normoglycaemic rats and fourty eight Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats was used in the study after two weeks acclimatization period. The animals were assigned into nine groups as follows, Normal control group (NC), Diabetic control (DC) group, Melatonin at 10 mg/kgb (MLD), magnesium dose group of 240 mg/kgbw (MgLD), melatonin and magnesium combined group of 10mg/kgbw+240mg/kgbw (MMgLD), melatonin group of 20mg/kgbw (MHD), melatonin and magnesium high dose combined group of 20mg/kgbw+480mg/kgbw (MMgHD) and insulin at 500mg/kgbw group (IN). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections (IP) while magnesium was by oral administration. The control groups were given placebo and all groups’ treatment was for twenty-one days. At the end of the study, the animals were aestheticized and euthanized to harvest pancreatic organ. The organs were fixed in neutral buffered formaldehyde (NBF). They were histologically prepared and stained using haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically stained using insulin antibody to access insulin release. Results: Melatonin treatment at 10mg/kgbw and at 20 mg/kgbw showed histological improvement in histological tissues and insulin release while when combined with magnesium at dose of 10mg/kgbw and at 240 mg/kgbw showed better results. The administration of magnesium at 240 mg/kgbw, 480 mg/kgbw and when combined with melatonin at high doses does not show significant improvement in islet β-cell proliferation and insulin release. Conclusion: The administration of melatonin and magnesium at low doses regenerates pancreatic islet histoarchitecture and augments insulin release from treated diabetic albino rats.

Atherosclerotic heart disease due to the accumulation of large amount of lipids present in the blood vessels of arteries. Many animal models have been developed to study atherosclerosis, and allow for careful control of experimental conditions, food and environmental risk factors. Experimental animal models of atherosclerosis have become a valuable tool for providing information on the etiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanism of action of various drugs and compounds used in the treatment and complications of the disease. Compared to human models, the animal model is more easily manageable, as the combined effects of dietary and environmental factors can be controlled. Different models have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Background: The importance and usefulness of dermatoglyphics in crime investigation, anthropology and disease prediction have been stressed wide published. However, there is dearth of information on the use of palmar creases as an adjunct tool in the prediction of tribe/ethnicity and ancestral relationship among populations. Hence, this study was aimed at predicting ancestry and tribal/ethnic relationship and genetic link among the Urhobo, Isoko and Ogoni ethnic groups using palmar creases. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational and analytical study, 360 subjects- 180, 105 and 75 Urhobo, Ogoni and Isoko subjects were sampled via a multi-stage sampling technique to ensure randomization. Palm print was obtained using Oghenemavwe and Osaat (2015) dermatoglyphic capture method. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS IBM version 23.0). Results and Discussions: Using the Ogoni as a reference tribe, the study (Table 1) showed Pearson's Chi-square Analysis for tribe-associated differences in the distribution of pattern based on type/pattern of head of origin of the major palmar creases on the right and left palms, and this was not statistically significant on both palms. But in Table 2a (tribe-associated differences in the distribution of the general shape/appearance of palmar creases on the right and left palms) was observed to be statistically significant (X2 = 73.283, P = 0.001 for right; X2 = 47.786, P = 0.001 for left) and Table 3a showed that tribe-associated differences in the distribution of Middle longitudinal crease on the right and left palms was statistically significant (X2 = 18.135, P = 0.001 for right; X2 = 36.401, P = 0.001 for left). Conclusion: Middle longitudinal crease in particular and general shape/appearance of palmar creases are discriminatory in distribution amongst the tribe studied and thus suggest a tribal/ethnic relationship and genetic link and common ancestry between the Isoko and Urhobo tribes.

Hypoglycemia, as a direct result of the glucosuria is usually seen in patients with acute kidney injury hence glucose homeostasis is disturbed. The compensatory effect of adiponectin in the insulin deficient state is documented. We previously demonstrated that L-arginine enhances glucose transport mechanisms in renal-damaged rats. The current study was designed to investigate possible glucose handling synergy between L-arginine and adiponectin in Wistar rats induced with acute kidney injury. Twenty four rats weighing between 120g-150g were divided into 4 groups of six rats each. Group 1 (Control) had normal feed and water; Group 2 (Untreated) was induced with AKI and left untreated. Group 3 and 4 took 50mg/kg and 500mg/kg L-arginine respectively after AKI induction. Acute kidney injury was induced by intra-muscular injection of glycerol (50% solution, 8 ml/kg BW). Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin response test, serum creatinine test and adiponectin assay (ELISA) were carried out. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA and expressed as mean± standard error of mean (SEM) with p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant. L-arginine induced rapid insulin-like action which was effective after thirty minutes of oral glucose loading when compared the control group. Glucose uptake from the blood was also more effective and quicker in the L-arginine treated groups. Adiponectin was significantly expressed across the test groups when compared to the control group and there was insulin resistance in the untreated kidney injured rats 1 hour into the insulin response test. It may be concluded that L-arginine has a homeostatic influence on glucose handling in kidney-damaged rats possibly mediated by increased adiponectin expression.