Background: Dengue is a tropical disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). It is one of the most significant arthropod-borne viral infections. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to characterize epidemiological, laboratory markers of dengue infection during the recent epidemic in Lahore. Methods: During the prospective laboratory based observational study, 1,082dengue suspected cases were haematological examined. CBC tests were conducted for the confirmation of dengue infection due to decrease rate of platelets count. Data regarding the laboratory features, platelet count tests were also recorded for the dengue positive patients. Results: Out of total samples 300 cases including were223 (74.3%) were male and 77 (25.6%) were female detected positive for the dengue infection. In the dengue positive patients, the highest prevalence was observed in the age group41-50 years, 76(25.3%) followed age group11-20years, 28(9.3%), 31-40 years, 37 (12.3%), 51-60 years 34(11.3%), 61-70 years, 29(9.6%), 71-80 years, 25 (8.3%), 0-10 years are 9(3%). The highly affected area in District Lahore was Johar Town block B 61(20.3%) followed by Multan chungi (17%), Ewan town and Johar town block A are 34 (11.3%), Mustafa Town 29(9.6%), Gulberg 27 (9%), Shadman 24(8%), Johar Town block D 21(7%) and Iqbal town 19(6.3%). Conclusion: The highly affected area in district Lahore was found Johar town block B. Therefore, the health department should take actions by educating the public about basic cleanliness of the environment. The community should be encouraged to participate in the control of such vector based diseases/infections.

Background: Coronary artery disease is a progressively worsening condition that may present as stable angina or Acute coronary syndrome (Unstable angina/Non-STEMI or STEMI) when restriction of blood flow to the myocardium occurs. The present study is undertaken to determine the time taken in conversion of stable angina to acute coronary syndrome and to compare the incidence of ACS in male and female populations. Objective: To study the time taken in conversion of stable angina to Acute coronary syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease and to compare the incidence of ACS in the male and female population. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiac ward and follow-up in the out-patient unit, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. 50 participants, male and female, admitted with ACS were taken for study after obtaining written informed consent by purposive sampling. Data is analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The statistical test used is the student’s t-test. Results: Out of the total population under study, 54% presented for the first time to the cardiologist with ACS only, 36% patients developed ACS from stable angina within a time interval of (0-6months) and 10% of patients developed it in the time duration of (>6months). While the incidence of STEMI is significantly higher in females than males (p=0.035), the incidence of non-STEMI is significantly higher in males than females (p=0.035). Conclusion: The present study indicates that the majority of the patients present with ACS as a diagnosis at their first visit to a cardiologist whereas stable angina gets converted to ACS in 6 months in most of the untreated patients. We recommend further detailed multicenter study in this area with a higher sample size to confirm the results and use them for benefit of society.

Introduction: Craniofacial anthropometric parameters are believed to specify sex, age and racial existence of an unknown person. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess and identify the head shape of Ekowe people and to ascertain whether there is sexual difference. Materials and Methods: Cranial measurements such as biparietal diameter and occipiofrontal diameter were carried out on 300 subjects, comprising of 179 males and 121 females of Ekowe indigenes and were between the age range of 18 years and above. In addition, cephalic index was calculated from these parameters. Results: The resultant mean values of biparietal diameter B(head breadth) was 16.50±1.82 and 16.23±1.73 for males and females. Mean values of occipitofrontal diameter (head length) for males and females were 28.03±1.35 and 27.58±1.04. Cephalic index was 59.07±7.17 and 58.98±6.91 for males and females. Sexual dimorphism was observed in occipitofrontal diameter and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The percentage of head shape analysis indicates that only 0.3% each for the males and females sampled population were mesocephalic in shape (moderate or medium head shaped). None was brachycephalic for both males and females. About 59.3 % of the male sample and 40% of the female sample were dolichocephalic in shape (long head). Conclusion: We conclude that the Ekowe people are long headeds. The findings from this study have shown to be very useful in forensic medicine, genetics and craniofacial surgery.

Anthropometry is the numeric assessment of body segments for specific reasons. The present study is aimed at specifying the nose type and pattern of Ekowe indigenes in Bayelsa State of Nigeria. A total of 300 subjects were recruited for this study with sex difference of 179 males and 121 females. The measured parameters include nasal breadth, nasal height and nasal index. The results showed mean values of nasal breadth as 4.87±0.42 and 4.62±0.42 for males and females. Nasal height values are 4.43±0.37 and 4.13±0.40 for male and female. Nasal index for males and females are 110.64±12.52 and 112.89±14.43. Sexual dimorphism exits amongst the measured parameters and there was statistical significant difference for nasal breadth and height (p<0.05). With reference to nose classification by Martin and Sallar, 1957; the males and females of Ekowe indigenes possess platyrrhine (broad and short) nose shape.