There are lots of nanoparticles that have less toxic effects on the different cells of fish immune system. Nanoparticles have low cost as compared to the other materials in delivering of biological materials. Nanoparticles have gained much interest as a specific and sensitive tool for diagnosis of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in aquaculture. There are different types of nanoparticles such as Cu based nanoparticles, sliver nanoparticles, metal oxides nanoparticles such as ZnO and TiO2 NPs, or composite of several metals. The applications of nanoparticles in aquaculture has promisingly seen in water quality improvement, aquatic animal nutrition, drug delivery, disease diagnosis and management but very few works and has been done in the greener approach as it is forming a new horizon in the aquaculture era. Silver nanoparticle are employed for the cleaning fresh water inhabiting fishes due to advanced cleaning system and special plates that cleans each drop of water in each direction of movement of water. By improving disease control, feeding formulation, and biofouling control, nanotechnology can improve aquaculture production and shrimp culture.

Thimerosal is a compound centered on ethyl mercury which has been remained a component of vaccines. Vaccines and other medicinal product that hold thimerosal are the potential basis of relevance of havoc mercury. In the current study, the effects of thimerosal were checked on the sex hormones in adult albino rats at low 15mg/kg and high 40 mg/kg dose per day by the use of gavage for a month. Testosterone was noticeably reduced (p < 0.05) in both low and high dose treated rats. Concentration of LH and FSH also decreased (p < 0.05) tremendously in both treated groups. However, a minor decrease was observed in the level of prolactin in low dose group while prolactin was found to be reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in high dose exposure. Daily sperm production and efficiency of sperm production was also checked in this study and both are lowered sharply (p < 0.05) in rats treated with thimerosal. These results demonstrated that thimerosal has strong effects on male sex hormones and their DSP and efficiency of DSP in adult albino rats.