Different physical and chemical techniques used for discovery of innovative nanoparticles with emerging applications in the fields of x-ray diffraction that can use as most important technique for optical measurements of nanosacle objects. Silver and gold nanoparticles formulations can be easily accessed through the different methods such as lithographic and vacuum deposition of metal, but appeared to be expensive techniques. Semiconductor based nanoparticles possess the magnetic properties with excellent electrical conductivity due to which they are used in different appliances and engineering works. Semiconductors have introducing impurities into their crystal lattices through traditional techniques or methods that designed at industrial and commercial level. The photovoltaic cells that synthesized through nanotechnology approach possess the photofunctional materials; nanoscale architectures usually exhibit unique optical and electronic properties. One of such kind of example is the alternative technologies to silicon based chip with combinations of various parts through nanotechnology.

Cotton belongs family Malvaceae, genus hirsutum and tribe Gossypiae, and it is usually divided in to two types: the wild and the cultivated cotton. To understand the molecular base of the plant reactions to main abiotic stresses like salinity and drought is important for bio-technological applications of stresses adaptations for crop development. In this perspective, thousands of stress receptive genes are recognized and a small number of them are characterized functionally. Thrilling temperatures, salinity and the water reduction are major abiotic stresses which are reflected the primary issues, which reduces the cotton production. The global drop of cotton crop is fifty percent due to abiotic stresses or supreme cotton crop yield; they need optimal growth situations like the other field crops. Due to drought stress response, boll of cotton plant and its leaf area is reduced and any change in carbon uptake also put its impact on photosynthesis. Polyphenolic with capable contraceptive reactions, a gossypol and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects and cytotoxic activities of trans-caryophyllene are some examples of potential chemical compounds present in cotton with their valuable impacts on humans and animals health as well. . Cotton seeds are now inspected as most potential co-product and a high valuable part of cotton processing chain and it is most viewed left over by product of cotton.

The texture and size of manufactured nanoparticles are influenced by the pH of solution media. Due to its wide applications in electronics, coatings, optical materials, and catalysis the alloy nanomaterials are of tremendous interest now days. Turkevich approach is a viable technique for chemical production of GNPs. Nanoparticles of certain materials can be made via "wet chemical methods", in which appropriate compound solutions are combined to make an insoluble compound of the desired substance. Nanowires created through lithography, for example, are not always smooth and can have a lot of impurities and structural flaws on their surface. The Polyol technique is a chemical approach for nanoparticle production. Non-aqueous liquid (polyol) is used as a reducing agent and solvent in this process. A colloidal solution of particles suspended in a liquid phase is known as a sol. The biological production of MNPs has always been advantageous. The reverse micelle approach can also be used to create nanoparticles with specific size and shapes. Chemical precursors are typically a combination of chlorides, metals and oxides that react during milling or heat treatment to generate a composites powder with ultrafine particles scattered in a stable salt matrix.

Acidity of α-aryl protons leads to organolithium substitution which actually effects the carbon linked covalently compounds, oxygen, hydrogen, Benz organic compounds and other carbon containing compounds which have carbides, cyanides and carbonates. Chemical solvents are necessary for initialization of chemical reaction in the industry when they react with one another. Organic chemicals are basically manufactured from coal and alcohol in the fermentation industry and they can also be originated from petroleum and natural gas source. Quinones are chemical compounds with aromatic rings and have two ketone substitutions. These compounds are highly reactive and ubiquitous in nature. Removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbon containing hydroxyl group produces an alcohol and it is represented by ROH simply it is called as methanol or methyl alcohol. Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds have major role in medicinal chemistry and they play a vital role in the formation of medicines. Silver fluoride reaction such as C-H fluorination reaction produces vicinal position for pyrinides and pyridines which is substitute for nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds. Sulfinate esters are valuable products and have significant role in structure of medicinal chemistry.