"Il n'est pas possible de réduire l'activité tumultueuse des humains à un ordre géométrique exempt d'irrégularité et de confusion. De même que les lois simples et constantes de la nature ne peuvent éviter les perturbations qui surviennent dans le cours des planètes, les lois humaines sont incapables d'empêcher le trouble et le désordre résultant des forces d'attraction innombrables et opposées du plaisir et de la douleur. C'est pourtant la chimère que poursuivent les hommes aux facultés limitées quand ils ont en main le pouvoir. Lorsqu'on défend une foule d'actes indifférents, on ne prévient pas des délits qui ne sauraient en résulter, mais on en crée de nouveaux en déplaçant arbitrairement, entre le vice et la vertu, des limites que l'on proclame cependant éternelles et immuables. (...) Si l'on veut prévenir les délits, il faut faire en sorte que les lois soient claires et simples, et que tous les membres de la nation unissent leurs forces pour les défendre, sans qu'aucun ne puisse travailler à les détruire."

The purpose of the study is to analysis wheter management did Earning Management with approach discretionary loss loan provision and use 5 indicator of bank operation performance at bank sharia for the period 2011 – 2016. Based on empirical result from the bank sharia financial report, the study find: (1) the two earnings-related variables, namely earnings before loan loss provisions and one-year-ahead earnings, are significantly related to discretionary loan loss provision; (2) non-performing loans ratio is are not found to be significantly linked to discretionary loan loss provisions, but bad debts coverage ratio and capital adeuqcy ratio are significantly linked to discretionary loan loss provisions. Finally, our findings indicate that bank managers may use discretionary loan loss provisions to engage in earnings management when the earnings before loan loss provisions.

“Inequality is not just an issue between individuals, between classes, between regions. It’s between urban and rural”-Michael Jgnatieff. India is the country of diversity and uniqueness. Disparities and discrepancies are everywhere whether in policy making or policy implementation, economic or social characteristics in urban areas and rural areas. Rural percentage in total population was 82.7 percent in the year 1951 which lowers to 74.3 percent in 1991 and further down to 68.8 percent in 2011(census 2011). This shows a gradual declining trend in rural share in population, GDP and workforce through decades. Despite the Growing rate of urbanization, it is projected that the half of the country’s population will be rural by 2050. About 25.7 percent of total rural population lives below national poverty line (poverty estimates, planning commission report 2011). Rural societies in India suffer from disparities in terms of education, employment, gender biasness, land ownership and other assets. Thousands of people every year migrated in search for employment opportunities from rural to urban. For the eradication of these differences government tried the aid of rural development which includes the implementation of various life enhancing programmes. Uttar Pradesh has highest percentage of rural population in all states. Present study is all about rural development and the socio- economic condition of rural areas. Through which we got to know the actual condition of the cholapur block of Varanasi district. It also deals with the intensity of programmes launched by the government for development. Cholapur block is situated at 20 kilometres to the north of Varanasi city, it shows a pattern that how there will be great gap in urban and rural atmosphere.

Sheep's milk (Ovis aries) is mainly produced in Asia (45.6%), with notable quantities in China and Turkey, followed by Europe (29.0%), Africa (24.5%), Oceania (<0.1%) and in North and South America (0.9%), the latter area is reported to be increasing. In Mexico, sheep production systems for dairy purposes are poorly understood, because the population usually consume milk and dairy by-products of bovine origin; and those of goat and sheep origin consume it little. However, sheep milk production has potential; first, promoting diversification in production; second, as a promising increase in profits of the farmers (conquest of consumers of demanding palates and with high purchasing power); and third, align with new trends and modify food production to more natural systems (environmentally friendly) that harmonize with agricultural production, which promote bio diversity. This study aims to describe the model of the -Livestock Production Unit- (LPU) located in the Volcanoes region. Alternative model to produce milk and cheese of sheep origin found in the facilities of the -Centro para la Sustentabilidad de la Sierra Nevada- 'Incalli Ixcahuicopa' (CENTLI); which belongs to the -Programa de Investigación Sierra Nevada- (PISN) of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM). The sheep in this LPU are of the East Friesian breed and the choice was because it is a dairy breed par excellence and that ensures a higher yield of milk transformed into cheese. The sanitary and reproductive management carried out in this productive unit is optimal to achieve the production standards of the breed using local food resources.

Existentialism is a broad philosophy and school of thought. Plenty of work of on existentialism has been carried out. The studies are built on individual writers’ work, writers’ overall background etc. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate majority of the writers' ideas that how they take existence and talk about it in terms of absurdity.