The Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD), caused by the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), is one of the important banana diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It drastically reduces the production and diversity of bananas. This study focused on the production of banana and plantain planting materials free of BBTV from plants infected by micro-propagation and macro-propagation. 15 suckers of cultivars Litete [plantain (Musa AAB), French type)], Libanga Likale [plantain (Musa AAB) False Horn type)] and Bluggoe (Musa ABB) were used for micro-propagation and 15 others for macro-propagation. These suckers were collected from banana mats with stages 4 or 5 of BBTD symptoms. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 30 g glucose, vitamins, 1 μM of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and 10μM of 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was used for micro-propagation. The plants resulting from stem fragments was used for macro-propagation. After 5 subcultures in micro-propagation, the sanitation rate was 76.6% for Litete, 66.6% for Libanga Likale and 76.6% for Bluggoe. After macro-propagation, the rate was 27.5% for Litete, 6.6% for Libanga Likale and 73.3% for Bluggoe. These results indicate that the proliferation rate increases the chance to clean up infected planting material explaining why macro-propagation is less effcient than micro-propagation.

The Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD), caused by the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), is one of the important banana diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It drastically reduces the production and diversity of bananas. This study focused on the production of banana and plantain planting materials free of BBTV from plants infected by micro-propagation and macro-propagation. 15 suckers of cultivars Litete [plantain (Musa AAB), French type)], Libanga Likale [plantain (Musa AAB) False Horn type)] and Bluggoe (Musa ABB) were used for micro-propagation and 15 others for macro-propagation. These suckers were collected from banana mats with stages 4 or 5 of BBTD symptoms. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 30 g glucose, vitamins, 1 μM of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and 10μM of 6-Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was used for micro-propagation. The plants resulting from stem fragments was used for macro-propagation. After 5 subcultures in micro-propagation, the sanitation rate was 76.6% for Litete, 66.6% for Libanga Likale and 76.6% for Bluggoe. After macro-propagation, the rate was 27.5% for Litete, 6.6% for Libanga Likale and 73.3% for Bluggoe. These results indicate that the proliferation rate increases the chance to clean up infected planting material explaining why macro-propagation is less effcient than micro-propagation.

The in vitro culture of meristeme according to several researchers is regarded as a means of cleansing the seedlings virus diseases. This work of tests of cleansing of banana by in vitro culture concerned three cultivars of banana: Bluggoe (Musa ABB), Prata (Musa AAB), Yangambi Km 5 (Musa AAA) infected by Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV). Before in vitro culture, the immuno enzymologic test TAS-ELISA (Triple Antibody Sandwish Enzym-Linked Immuno Sorbing Assay) revealed that the totality of the seedlings of banana having 4 and 5 levels of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) symptom were positive with the test. The setting in culture and three successive subcultures of the meristemes gave a median number of moves by going tube from 1.8 to 25.7 buds for Bluggoe, 1.5 to 26.8 buds for Prata and 1.7 to 28.5 buds per tube for Yangambi Km 5. These results prove that in vitro culture allows obtaining a large number of plants at a reduced time. After in vitro culture, the plants of banana resulting from this culture are cleansed with a percentage of 65.22 % for the cultivar Yangambi Km5 followed by Bluggoe with 71.40 % and Prata with 72.72 %. The in vitro culture thus remains a suitable technique for the cleansing of banana virus disease and can allow obtaining a large number of bananas without virus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and Machiavellianism on Malaysian and international university students. The sample population consisted of 755 students (352 international and 403 local students) that were selected through multi-phase clustering at a Malaysian university. The instruments used were the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI), Mack IV, and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data was analysed by means of two-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The outcome of the two-way ANOVA showed that neuroticism, agreeableness, and overall mental health and its subscale were significantly different between male and female students. A strong correlation was found between mental health, neuroticism, and Machiavellianism in both groups. According to the regression analysis, neuroticism held the highest effect on students’ mental health in both groups.

This study aims to determine the effect of Diversification, Intellectual Capital and Business Risk on Firm Value. This research is a causal study with a quantitative descriptive approach with the object of research on companies - companies included in LQ 45 that are on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in Jakarta. The research data is secondary data obtained from looking at the financial statements of existing companies included in LQ 45. The variables of this study consist of independent variables consisting of three variables namely Diversification, Intellectual Capital and Business Risk. And one dependent variable is Corporate Value. The results of this study indicate that Business Diversification and Risk has an effect on company value. While Intellectual Capiral has no effect.

The arrangement of vascular tissues differs in the root and shoots in angiosperms. The root has a solid triarch or tetrarch exarch xylem whereas the stems possess endarch xylem made of individual vascular bundles arranged in a ring form. A continuous flow of water and minerals is not disrupted in spite of this difference in the arrangement of xylem tissue in the two organs. This happens because of a transition region extending from the upper portion of the root, ending in either the hypocotyl or epicotyl where a gradual alteration in the arrangement of the xylem tissue occurs. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of transition region and the structural anatomy of xylem in the transition region of three tropical legume species viz. Vigna radiata, V. unguiculata (red variety) and Cicer arietinum. Sequential transverse sections from the base of the root, hypocotyl and epicotyl were obtained from five day old seedlings of the three selected legumes, stained with safranin and viewed under the light microscope. Sections were digitally photographed. In all the three species studied, the transition region commenced a few millimeters below the soil surface. In Vigna radiata and Vigna unguiculata it ended in the hypocotyl region above the soil surface whereas in Cicer arietinum it ended in the epicotyl region. The beginning of transition region showed appearance of a pith in the center of the xylem core. Gradual widening of pith resulted in separation of xylem tissue. This was followed by reorientation of exarch to endarch xylem. A variation in the structural anatomy of xylem among the three species was also observed in the length of transition region and structural anatomy of xylem.

This study aims to analyze the effect of compliance with the application of government accounting standards, the quality of human resources and the use of information technology on the quality of financial statements, the method or type of research used in this study is quantitative research that emphasizes quantitative causality relationships that emphasize causality (Relations cause and effect ). Samples to be used in this study as many as 86 employees, namely the Head of Financial Subdivision and Treasurer / Administration who are directly involved in the preparation of financial statements. The data collection technique that will be used is primary data collection by conducting direct interviews. The primary data comes from the results of data collection in the form of a questionnaire. The results of this hypothesis test show: (1) the influence of compliance with the application of government accounting standards has a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statements, (2) the quality of human resources does not have a positive and significant effect on the quality of financial statements, (3) the use of information technology has a positive effect and significant to the quality of financial statements.

In this research the main idea was to investigate the use of social media for sustainable rural mountain tourism. The study was qualitative, and enabled the discovery of the main thematic issues related to the travel process of tourists when using social media for rural mountain region tourism. The study found four types of themes: (1) social media use in the planning stage of the trip, (2) social media use before the trip, (3) social media use during the trip, and (4) social media use after the trip. The results show that tourists use social media at all stages of travel for rural mountain region tourism. At the first stage (planning), tourists mainly use social media to search for information. The results are further applicable to broaden the concept in other activities of tourist or other personals while using social media. Future implications are made and conclusion are drawn for further expansion of the idea.

The first level health facility is the spearhead of the first level health data collector for the health office in the territory of Indonesia, in supporting the National Information System development strategy. The management information recording and reporting system as a means of supporting the processing of health data in first level health facility will be useful in producing quality information that is used as a basis in making decisions to establish health programs. This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach to measure the description of perceptions and implementation constraints faced by users of the management information recording and reporting system. The survey was conducted on 59 respondents by answering questionnaire questions. Based on the results of the study, the perception of the use of the management information recording and reporting system produces a good perception. While based on perceptions of acceptance: officers aged 36-45 years at tambakaji health centers are better than Ngaliyan health centers. Officers with female gender are the least likely to encounter obstacles, while officers with <5 years of work are most vulnerable to problems. The management information recording and reporting system is very supportive in operational activities in first level health facility.

Summary: Due to its impact and its epidemiology, the black Sigatoka disease caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis is a multidimensional problem, given the insured nutritional and economic importance by the banana and plantain in our region. The limits of existing therapies and especially the inaccessibility to the latter as well as the consequences in the environment and the health lead to the search for new sources. It is in this framework that this work has focused on the evaluation of the antifungal activity of extracts from 14 plants used in traditional medicine against fungal infections of the human resources in the Kisangani region. It has been tested by the method of inhibition of the growth of the mycelian explantant on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium in a Petri dish. The main results obtained show, after the evolution of the diameters of growth of mycelian explantants on media containing different extracts compared to the diameter of the light during the incubation period, that all plants tested have antifungal effects at different levels and/or moments during the incubation. And these effects have been observed either during the entire incubation period, or at the beginning of the incubation, or toward the end of the incubation, or only slowed growth in relation to the witness without as much completely inhibiting it. Carica papaya has been the only plant having kept its inhibitory effect complete for all forms of extracts tested.

At the center of the investigation of this study is the organizational complexity of the school The problem area concerns the (Italian) School with its articulations that presents a series of evidences and criticalities that deserve reflection. Instrumental functions (the middle manager), in Italian schools, represent temporary positions, which interpret and represent an organizational model anchored to the functioning of intermediate roles and support to the management strategies of the School system, but with little identity. The temporary nature of the assignment and its electoral nature also failed to guarantee the legitimacy of this role. The problems are very controversial with which we reason in the Italian context. It is not clear whether it is the middle management, that is, middle managers who collaborate with the head teacher in the exercise of predominantly organizational-managerial functions or, rather, if they represent figures expressed by the college of teachers because they are capable of interpreting the "vision" of the school, to gather the best professional energies. The results of the study seem to confirm that middle managers possess different characteristics of professional figures even if they are not officially known within the school's organizational structure.

This study aims to examine the effect of tax avoidance, corporate governance, and leverage on earnings quality leverage. The research method used in this study is descriptive and verification. The population target in this study is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with observations in 2012-2017. We used 89 sample year sobserved. Data to be used in research is secondary data in the form of data from annual reports and company financial statements. Validity and reliability testing is done before testing the hypothesis. This study uses the SPSS Version 25 analysis technique. The conclusion of tis research shows that tax avoidance, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, independent auditor, and leverage affect the quality of earnings by 31.1%. Almost 69.9% is explained by other variables outside the model.

This paper aims to research whether there is link between FDI inflows and Economic growth in the Republic of Seychelles Island. The ordinary least square results obtained shows that, the impact of FDI inflows on economic growth is low. Small Island Developing States attracts less FDI inflow because they are limited to few resources that attracts overseas firms which results in retarded development. The research lighted that impact of foreign direct investment on host countries does not only depend on the quality and quantity of the FDI inflows but some other variables such as the internal policies and the management skills, market structures, economic trends among others.

Holiday effects have been a hot topic in various disciplines, such as business, psychology, sociology and even more beyond. Numerous scholars have delved into this issue. Some of them mainly dwell on developed countries’ stock markets, typically showing abnormal returns around thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year, Easter and so on, while others focus on the relationship between stock markets in developing countries and holiday effect. This research will investigate the holiday effects in 7 selected Asian stock markets, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, and South Korea. As for the Holiday effects, the author mainly focuses on Chinese New Year effect, with comparison to National Day and May Day effects. The research report includes stock return index data from 2000 to 2014. This study has both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically the research results may contribute to the construction of theoretical models. Practically this study can help us have a better understanding of the relationship between holiday effects and stock markets, and may shed light to others who are interested in this field.