There are 2.6 million vulnerable children in Kenya. In the past, vulnerable children were taken care of by their kin, through informal arrangements. Today, a good number of vulnerable children are forced to find shelter in institutions such as children’s homes while others are forced to live in the streets. In 2014, the government of Kenya introduced the concept of alternative family care (AFC) with the view of replacing institutional care in addressing the problem of vulnerable children. Various AFC arrangements were introduced including adoption, foster care, guardianship, and kinship care. The purpose of the proposed study was to examine the influence of family structure on the choice of AFC arrangement offered to vulnerable children in Nakuru East Sub-County. The study was guided by Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. It utilized the descriptive survey design where data was collected through the use of questionnaires. The questionnaires contained both open-ended and close-ended questions. The target population comprised of 244 caregivers who were involved in some form of AFC in the 2016/17 financial year within the study area. The population was stratified in terms of the AFC arrangement in which the subjects were involved (adoption, foster care, guardianship, or kinship). From this population, a sample of 123 participants was selected using the proportionate stratified sampling method and 102 were able to complete the study. Data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings revealed that family structure particularly family type, family size, and family relationships have a statistically significant influence on choice of AFC. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should increase finance and other forms of support to caregivers in kinship care as findings show that the majority these caregivers have large family. Stakeholders should also raise awareness regarding the other form of AFC especially adoption, foster care and guardianship as there is the misconception that these AFC arrangements are for individuals who do not have biological children.

Learning styles influence students in all levels of education and a mismatch of teaching styles to preferred learning styles makes learning a stressful experience to many learners. In Nairobi County, students in both private and public schools have not been performing satisfactorily in sciences. Matched teaching styles with preferred learning styles were conceptualised as the independent variables that determine their performance in biology and geography. The purpose of this study was to establish the Effect of gender on performance of students in biology and geography taught using preferred learning styles in secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. This County was chosen because of unsatisfactorily performance in sciences as, only 12.632% of the schools got a mean grade of B- and above, in the years 2004 to 2010. The study was based on Felder Learning Style Theory, and Grasha Teaching Style Theory. A purposive sample of 1,322 students from 18,536 Form Two Students in private and public schools randomly selected for the study. The study employed quasi-experimental research design, which utilised a pre-test, treatment of experimental group and a post-test to estimate impact of an intervention of mismatch due to traditional teaching styles to preferred leaning styles on target population of 69,634 in 146 secondary schools. Questionnaires and pre-test and post-test were used to collect quantitative data. A full disclosure of the nature of the study was given to subjects with an extended opportunity to ask questions and get their free consent to participate. The collected data was analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Data was described and summarized using, percentages, and means. Multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression analysis showed statistically significant effect on performance of students taught using preferred learning styles in geography and biology. In conclusion, this study sensitised teachers of the need to identify and teach their learners according to their preferred learning styles in order to enhance their performance in sciences. It recommended the ministry of education science and technology in Kenya to in-service, and train teachers to acquire the skills of detecting learning style preferences of students.

This paper is based on the observation that there is tension between single mothers and the Anglican Church of Kenya (A.C.K), Nakuru Diocese, Subukia Archdeaconry. In the Subukia A.C.K Archdeaconry, there is a tendency to regard single mothers (who are perceived as having broken the church norms) as sinners. This perception has existed for a long period. As a result single mothers have been excluded from the full life of the church. They are barred from partaking Eucharist and denied infant baptism (sacraments). They are also not allowed to take any leadership position and excluded from the church ministry hence they feel alienated from God. By contrast, there are other A.C.K Churches where single mothers are accepted, partake Eucharist and their infants are baptized. They are permitted to take any leadership position and are included in the full life of the church. This has prompted the question of whether the A.C.K has changed its administration since it is known to have uniformity in discharging its mandate. This contribution was based on theological and constitutional survey geared towards accommodating single mothers and curbing their increase in the church. At the same time, the church advocates marriage to be the ideal and Biblical way where children should be born. The paper offers a balance in which single mothers and the church coexist without compromising the dignity and discipline of the church.

Chylous leakeage is a well know complication reported in 1% to 3% of patients undergoing cervical neck dissection, mediastinal lymph node dissection, or gastric resection for cancer as well in breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection; most of these cases occurs on the left side. This complication seems to be mainly related to abnormalities of the thoracic duct anatomy or the subclavian duct leading to injury of an aberrant lymphatic channel trunk during level I-II ALND. Two case reports in breast cancer patients with left sided chylous leakage following level I-II ALND are reported; their diagnostic and therapeutic management is discussed with a literature review in order to update the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives in this peculiar clinical setting.