In this study, the legislation applicable in Turkey for certain terms and phrases used in the labels of the food presentation was reviewed. Labeling of food should not be misleading in terms of the qualities of food. Accordingly, the trademark on the label of food should not refer to another product group in terms of name, expression, term and visuals of food, in particular nature, identity, characteristics, composition, and quantity, endurance, origin and production method of food. Geographical indications are given to natural products distinguished from others, identified with a distinctive character or reputation, and identified with the area or region in which they are located. The terms of traditional” can be only used for mentioned the terms of “traditional” foods according to published vertical food codex that is certain foods or food groups and for registered or will be registered products including the studies carried out in relation to the protection of traditional product name by the Turkish Patent Institute. In order to prevent counterfeiting of a similar product in association with the registered products, the studies have been continued by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The trademark on label of food should not refer another product group in terms of the name of the food, the expression, the terms and the visuals, especially the nature, identity, characteristics, composition, quantity, endurance, origin of production method of food. Food managements should not use misleading information about their productions. Otherwise, the administrative penalty is imposed according to the Turkish Food Codex Food Labeling and Consumer Information Regulation.

This study sought to examine the link between customer role clarity and emergent change preparedness. Customer role clarity emanates from the experience that a customer obtains from a particular service provider to the extent of becoming a co-producer on their product. The complex nature of the organizations has led to the upsurge of the emergent change. These abrupt changes have left customers in a state of confusion and sometimes they abscond since they do not understand their roles in the organization. However, despite the effort put into obtaining more customers in the organization, the organization keeps on losing its grip on the customers when emergent change arises. This study adopted a census survey that was completed by all the 39 managers from Safaricom, Airtel and Telkom Telecommunication’s companies in Nakuru Sub County, Kenya. The study established a significant positive relationship between customer role clarity and emergent change preparedness. The results found a significant value of 0.002 which showed a statistically significant relationship of the study variables. The findings demonstrate that if telecommunication companies clearly defined the roles of the customers, they would be prepared for any emergent change that arises. The study lays a foundation through which customer role clarity is the backbone for the investigation of other customer participation strategies.

Play is essential to development because it contributes, among other developments, to cognitive development to children and youth. Play also offers an ideal opportunity for parents to engage fully with their children. Despite the benefits derived from play for both children and parents, time for free play has been markedly reduced. The recent report from head teachers, class teachers and parents of children in schools in Kenya indicates that these children have been exhibiting increased learning difficulties, inability to solve simple problems associated with socialization and control of emotions, many cases of truancy, dropping out of school and aggressive behavior. This paper embarks on assessing the influence of play on cognitive development among primary school children at Kihingo Division, Njoro Sub-County of Nakuru County in Kenya. This study was guided by social cognitive theory and it targeted teachers and pupils from 18 public primary schools in the study area. Stratified random sampling design was adopted to sample 154 pupils from the 18 schools. Nasiuma’s formula was used to come up with an ideal and an appropriate sample size for the pupils. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used as the key data collection instruments. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the teachers while interview schedules were used to collect data from the pupils. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 24) tool. Data was presented in graphs, pie chart and tables. From the findings the researcher concluded that children who are more engage in play are more decisive in their actions compared to less active children. From the findings, the researcher concluded that children who are more engage in play are more decisive in their actions compared to less active children. Playful children are more creative and innovative compared to less active children. The study recommends that the government and other education stakeholders partner to provide enough play and instructional materials to primary schools.

This paper presents an examination of the influence of leadership on change management in the office of Director of Public Prosecutions in Nakuru County. The study from which the paper is taken was based on stewardship theory. The target population comprised 3 Senior Assistant Deputy Prosecution counsels and 48 Assistant Prosecution counsels who are distributed across the three sub-branches. The study used descriptive survey research design while a census survey was adopted. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and standard deviations while inferential statistics methods included; correlation coefficient and chi- square. The research findings were presented inform of percentages, frequency distribution tables, and inferential statistics tables. The research findings indicate that there exists a significant, positive correlation between leadership and change management and that there exists a significant association between the two variables. It was concluded that leadership has a significant effect on change management and a positive non-causal relationship with change management in the office of director of public prosecutions in Nakuru County. It was found that the management team at ODPP does not interact or inspire the subordinates toward organizational objectives this may have affected less consideration by the management on human and emotional aspects of change during the change process. The regular communication by the management team on change management aspects and role played by the top management in administering the change process at ODPP has enhanced change management. It was recommended that the Office of Director of Public Prosecutions should ensure that there is cordial interaction between the management team and subordinate staff, toward achieving set organizational objectives on change management in ODPP.

The global HIV and AIDS pandemic have continued to change the lives of many people especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both boys and girls have been affected by this menace. However, girls face considerable vulnerabilities and risks than boys that affect their health, food security, education status and general well-being. It is therefore critical to intervene before these challenges that girls face result to outcomes that are irreversible. Many development partners, Non- governmental organizations, Faith based organizations, Community based organizations and the government are taking considerable effort in providing services to the vulnerable adolescent girls in different sectors which includes; educational assistance, health, food aid, material support and other HIV and AIDS mitigation programs. Despite these different interventions in responding to the needs of these children, there is however little evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in improving the well- being of adolescent girls affected by HIV and AIDS. This study sought to determine the influence of food interventions in reducing the effects of HIV and AIDS among adolescent girls affected by HIV and AIDS in Ol-Joroorok Sub-County of Nyandarua County. The research adopted a descriptive research design to collect primary data to answer questions concerning the status of the issues under investigations. Cluster and purposive sampling was used. A sample population of 123 respondents was selected. Descriptive data was analyzed using percentages, tables and bar graphs. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson product-moment correlations and Pearson Chi-Square tests. Results of the study revealed that food interventions had significant relationship in reducing the effects of HIV and AIDS in adolescent girls.

The universities are rich with research outputs due to their nature of teaching, research and development through the transfer of knowledge to the society, but the extent to which the research outputs are translated into socio-economic outcomes that benefit the society concerns the industry players. Of particular interest is the research dissemination process. The central question in this paper, therefore, is how does the dissemination process determine the utilization of universities’ research outputs by social service NGOs in Nakuru Town of Kenya? In order to answer this question, the study applied the Triple Helix Theory and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. It utilized the descriptive survey design where data was collected from 30 managers from 30 social services Non-Governmental Organizations within Nakuru Town. Managers were selected from a list of social services NGOs provided by the National Council of NGOs Rift Valley Office using the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire comprised of both open-ended and close-ended questions that were administered by the researcher. The data collected was analyzed mainly using the qualitative methods and minimal quantitative methods and presented using tables and graphs. The study results show that Journal and conferences are the main channels that these organization use to access research findings and that both had a positive influence on universities research utilization by the organizations. The study recommends that Universities encourage their researchers to disseminate their findings in open access online journal as they are cost effective.

An experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur, Bangladesh which geographic coordinates located between 24034ʹ and 25026ʹ north latitude and between 89040ʹ and 90012ʹ east longitude during the period from November, 2015 to March, 2016 to observe the growth and yield performances of the rapeseed-mustard varieties under field condition grown from the seeds of different stages of siliquae maturity of the previous year experiment. Four rapeseed-mustard varieties viz. BARI Sarisha-11 (V1), BARI Sarisha-14 (V2), BARI Sarisha-6 (V3) and Tori-7 (V4) and seeds of those varieties harvested at four stages of siliquae maturity viz. H1 = Green stage of siliquae, H2 = Pale yellow stage of siliquae, H3 = Golden yellow stage of siliquae and H4 = Full maturity stage of siliquae were included as the treatments in the experiment. Harvested seeds of the previous year were stored in air tight polythene under freezing condition till set up the experiment. Results revealed that four rapeseed-mustard varieties varied significantly for most of the parameters studied. Variety V1 produced significantly the highest seed yield (1.99 t ha-1) while the lowest (1.04 t ha-1) was recorded from V4. Seeds of H2, H3 and H4 stages produced statistically similar and significantly higher seed yield ranges from 1.57-1.65 t ha-1 (H4>H3>H2)) than that of H1 stage which produced the lowest (1.34 t ha-1) mainly due to the poor stand establishment. Interaction effects of varieties and seeds harvested at different stages of siliquae maturity did not show significant variation in expressions of seed yield and yield contributing parameters.

Teh Botol Sosro, produced by PT. Sinar Sosro, is the first brand of ready-to-drink tea in Indonesia that has been developed and maintained for decades. The number of competitors make Teh Botol Sosro remains firm in fighting in the ready to drink tea market. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality on partial purchase decisions, price on partial purchase decisions, promotion on partial purchase decision, brand awareness on partial purchase decisions, and product quality, price, promotion and brand awareness simultaneously. The population of this research is visitor of Giant Mall Permata Tangerang. While the sample is the respondents who buy Teh Botol Sosro. The average visitor who bought Teh Botol Sosro at Giant Mall Permata Tangerang was 1,200. Thus obtained respondents to be observed with the Slovin formula is 100 respondents. Quantitative analysis method using multiple linear regression analysis, followed by determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent (0,05). Prior to further analysis, data quality and classical assumption test are done. Analytical tool using SPSS version 23.0 for windows. The result of this research shows that product quality has partially influence on Purchase Decision, price has partially influence on Purchase Decision, promotion has partially influence on Purchase Decision, brand awareness has partially influence on Purchase Decision, and product quality, price, promotion and brand awareness have simultaneously influence on Purchase Decision of Teh Botol Sosro product at Giant Mall Permata Tangerang. There are still other factors that affect the Purchase Decision, therefore it still needs further research.

This study assessed the influence of outbound logistics on retail marketing at Naivas Supermarket. The purpose of the study was to rate and appraise the success of company’s outbound logistics process by rating the success of transport logistic activity based on the supermarket retail marketing. The objective of the study was to assess how transportation affects outbound logistics of retail marketing at Naivas Supermarket. The study was informed by the organizational theory. The study utilized the descriptive research design. Purposive sampling was used to get a sample of 45 respondents who included the regional managers, branch managers, stock co-coordinators, floor supervisors and shelf stockers out of which 39 completed the study. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data using both questionnaires and interviews. The research will collect and analyze both qualitative then quantitative data to get results of this research. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics mainly frequencies, percentages, and the Pearson chi-square while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic technique. Findings reveal that Naivas Supermarket generally employs a centralized transportation where the company is directly involved in managing logistic services rather than outsourcing this function to third parties. The analysis of outbound logistics transportation had an effect (mean=8.9667). The chi-square test established that outbound logistics transportation (X2= 12.208, p= 0.043). The study recommends that to improve retail marketing, the supermarket should automate the process of loading and offloading goods before and after transportation.

This study’s aim was to establish the relationship between peer pressure and high-risk sexual behavior among high school students in Kenya. Twenty-eight students were sampled per school from form 1 to 4, which summed to 138 students in Nakuru East Sub County. Primary data was gathered from the 138 students through a structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted to the school head teacher. Only 120 respondents were able to fill in the questionnaires.This meant that the response rate was 87.6%. The focus group discussions were done successfully as well as the interviews scheduled with the head teachers. Quantitative data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) using cross tabulation and chi-square to determine response frequency and percentage. Cross tabulation was used to analyze the variables using tables and was supported by qualitative data. The Pearson Chi Square was 0.00 indicating that peer pressure influenced high-risk sexual behavior among high school students in Nakuru East Sub County, Kenya. The study found that peer pressure influenced the students’ decisions on sex and relationships. The study concluded that peer pressure was an influence to high-risk sexual behaviour among high school students and the youth in general. It influenced the decisions they made on dating, sexual relationships, and sex. The study recommended that sex education should be included in the curriculum in order to help the students on gaining knowledge on life skills.

Access to justice suffers a number of challenges and results to ineffective functioning of the justice system. Despite the existence of empirical studies on strategy implementation and strategic planning in the Judiciary, no research has been carried out on the effect of case management on access to justice. The population of the study comprised one hundred and thirty five respondents being magistrates, Judicial staff, Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP) counsels, advocates, police and prison services, children and probation officers based in Molo Law courts. The study used the descriptive research design. Stratified proportional sampling was used to categorize various stakeholders into strata and determine the number of participants that would be selected from each stratum. Simple random sampling was used to select individual respondents from each stratum. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires, where quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics specifically Spearman correlation analysis, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study targeted to collected data from 94 individual but only 72 were able to complete and return their questionnaires to the researcher. From the study findings, the values of Spearman correlation coefficient were r = 0.735 for case management. This implies that the way case management is handled is an important determinant of whether there will be access to justice or not.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relevance of vernacular radio stations’ agricultural programs in influencing utilization of agricultural information among farmers in Molo Sub County, Nakuru Kenya. Agricultural sector provides a livelihood for about 80% of Kenya‘s population and employs more than 70% of the rural population hence it remains valuable for the provision of food and employment opportunities. Vernacular radio stations, as part of mass communication, has a wider audience in rural areas compared to other forms of media outlets. Therefore, they have led to the passing of novel information on agriculture to farmers in Molo Sub County, Nakuru Kenya. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design whereby 8,445 households in Molo sub-county were targeted. Cluster sampling method was used to determine the number of participants that was selected through systematic sampling. The target population was 155 respondents in Molo Sub County Nakuru Kenya and the response rate was 94.9%. A Questionnaire was used to collect data and pilot testing was done in Subukia Sub County Nakuru, Kenya. Descriptive statistics showed that 83.9% of the respondents listen to the agricultural program while 16.1% disagreed to listening to agricultural activity. The study established that there exists a statistically significant relationship between demographic characteristics, relevance of agricultural programs, institutional factors and utilization of agricultural information (r= 0.644; p<0.05, r= 0.503; p<0.05, r= 0.463; p<0.05) respectively. The study concluded that demographic characteristics had a very high influence in the utilization of agricultural information among farmers in Molo Sub County, Nakuru Kenya. This deduced that radio agricultural programs are useful to farmers in Kenya and have greatly influenced their farming practices. The study recommended that there is a need for more effort in providing agricultural information programmes to farmers.

The appearance of cracks in structures is a very important issue, moreover, it is a complex problem on the numerical level. These cracks should never be taken lightly. They can be the sign of serious disorders especially if they are structural cracks. The objective of this article is to study the effect of the crack existence in civil engineering structures: concrete and metallic structure in terms of frequencies and eigenmodes using the extended finite element method X-FEM and to compare the results obtained with the classical finite element method (Structure without crack).

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of training on pedagogical content knowledge on teachers’ performance; in schools within Nakuru North Sub- County, Kenya. The study was carried in the 22 public primary schools in the sub county among the 22 head teacher and 170 school teachers. The study was based on Campbell’s theory of performance and social cognitive theory. A sample of 8 head teachers and 51 public primary school teachers was used. The sample for the head teachers was selected using purposive sampling technique while that of the head teachers was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires for teachers and interview schedules for head teachers respectively. Prior to use, the questionnaires were subjected to validity checks and reliability tests. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and percentages) and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software version 21. Pearson moment correlation (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. There was a positive Pearson correlation between Training on Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teachers’ Performance (r = -0.37, p = 0.802). The study established that the school management and the Ministry of Education will be able to use these findings in formulating appropriate strategies that help enhance teacher performance through their continuous professional development.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of motivational leadership and compensation on employee performance of PT XYZ. The sampling method used is a saturated sample. The population is 47 employees and the samples are all employees. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results showed that leadership, motivation and compensation simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance. Partially, leadership and motivation have a significant positive effect on performance. Motivation and compensation have a significant positive effect on performance.

This study aims to analyze Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy implementation on Semen Bosowa Maros (SBM) Ltd. in promoting community empowerment in Baruga village. The study took place in the area of operation of SBM Ltd. in Baruga village applying qualitative research with a case study approach. Sources of data in the study consisted of primary and secondary data. The result of analyzed CSR policy implementation research SBM Ltd. in the village Baruga based on the content and context of the policy suggests that the implementation of CSR policies SBM Ltd. still dominantly implemented in the form of charity and humanitarian assistance (charity and philanthropy) But in the form of a sustainable community empowerment must increasingly be made enterprising and enhanced to promote to be more capable of establishing communities’ independency, welfare, and empowerment around the company's operations, in particular Baruga village community.

The spatial patterns of urban land use at both the macro and the micro levels are a central issue in global change studies. The land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes are real important to have proper provision and use of natural resources and their management. Land is becoming a scarce resource due to immense agricultural and demographic pressure. Hence, information on land use /land cover and possibilities for their optimal function is essential for the selection, preparation and implementation of land use schemes meet the increasing needs for basic human needs and welfare It was done by using the data SOI Toposheets, Landsat TM, (1991), Landsat ETM+ (2001), LISS-III (2011) and LISS –IV (2016) and with the aid of using Remote Sensing and Geographical information Techniqnies. The supervised classification method is used to classify the land use and land cover of the study area. The major findings of change detection analysis revealed that the maximum change in the land use and land cover from 1981 to 2016 has been seen in the instance of the built-up area, which has varied from 2.89% to 40.36%. The major expansion of the built-up area is mainly along the highways and the outskirts.

This study is aimed at evaluating the outsourcing program at PT. Pelindo II Bengkulu, whether the outsourcing program at PT Pelindo II Bengkulu provided benefits to the company, for the outsourced employees themselves, and for the absorption of the workforce in general. The study was conducted by applying the evaluation research by using the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model approach. The source of the data used in this study was from company outsourcing users, outsourcing provider companies, and the outsourced workforce itself. The instruments of the study were observation, deep interview, questionnaires, and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively through discussion and triangulation. Elements that became aspects being evaluated in this CIPP model approach were C (Context evaluation), I (Input evaluation), P (Process evaluation), and P (Product evaluation). Was it useful for the outsourcing program at PT Pelindo II Bengkulu, for outsourced employees, and for the absorption of workers in general?. This evaluation study resulted in findings that outsourcing program had given positive impact for cost efficiency at PT Pelindo II Bengkulu. This outsourcing program did not give definite future for the outsourced employees. The outsourcing program had provided wider employment opportunities for job seekers and many of the type of work outsourced by PT. Pelindo II Bengkulu did not meet the provisions in the Regulation from Minister of Manpower and Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia number 19 Year 2012 regarding the terms and conditions of delivery of part of the implementation jobs to other companies.

The paper investigates the impact of the contribution of road infrastructure expenditure on economic growth of Benin Republic using Jarque-Berra, White test, Breusch-Godfrey, Cusum and Cusum of squares techniques for the period (1985-2015). Overall the results reveal that gross domestic product, gross capital formation, labor productivity and road infrastructure expenditure play an important role in economic growth in the Benin Republic. More importantly, the study finds that road infrastructure expenditure in the Benin Republic has a significant positive contribution to economic growth in the long run than the short run. It is the same result with the gross capital formation. The labor production has a significant positive contribution to economic growth in long run. On the basis of these results analysis, it is strongly suggested to formulate certain recommendations in the field of economic policy that improves the road infrastructure expenditure as well as gross capital formation for sustainable economic growth in the Benin Republic. A new model has been proposed to the General Directorate of Public Works in effectively monitoring the level of road infrastructure expenditure in terms of growth and poverty reduction objectives