The study was designed to assess the performance of carbon at Malaysia. Landscape development plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. They produce a large proportion of CO2 emissions, but they also sequester and store carbon in our environment. The carbon footprint analysis is an established method for systematically quantifying carbon sinks and sources throughout the lifetime of goods and services. There are three stages of carbon contributors were identified through document review and expert’s validation, which is construction stage, operation stage and maintenance stages. The paper presents the carbon footprint analysis of landscape development stages that was recently constructed in the permonade Percint 8, Putrajaya. Field measurement was conducted and the collected data were analyzed using SMART PLS (Partial least squares). Findings of the study highlighted that construction stage give the highest significant to carbon contribution with a path coefficient 0.748. The study also shows that the construction stage is the largest contributor due to the presence of a large number of facilities and activities in landscape developments compared to the maintenance stage. Particularly this is also related to the material and equipment used during the construction stage. The study suggested that the construction stage need to be considered when developing a sustainable landscape design. Finally, the recommendations on how to reduce carbon emissions in landscape development stages especially in Malaysia were highlighted.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using parametric multiple comparison tests (e.g. Duncan test) after Kruskal-Wallis test on type I error rate and test power. Results of simulation study showed that Kruskal-Wallis tests are nonparametric alternative of one-way analysis of variance especially when normality assumption is not satisfied. Research showed that parametric multiple comparison tests can be used then the non-parametric tests. For this propose; Duncan Method (DUNNR) is used instead of Nonparametric Dunn's method (DUNN) after Kruskal-Wallis (H) test. Random numbers from N (0,1), (3), (5,3) distributions were generated; with the various sample sizes (n=3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30), group numbers (k=3, 4, 5) and the different variance ratios ( 2=1:1:1, 1:1:4, 1:1:10) in this study, The aim of study was determination of the possibility of use parametric pair wise multiple comparison; by determination of type I error and power of tests instead of no-parametric pair wise multiple comparison tests can be used.

Risks plays significant part in the construction projects success. Risk identification and assessment failure may result to inefficiency in the procedures of managing risks, in which may critically have an impact on the projects’ resources. A proper risk management is hardly applied in construction projects as a result of the lack of contractors’ awareness of critical risks. The purpose of this paper is to base its focus on the examination of risk factors in construction projects.

The construction industry is a key sector in any economy. Worldwide the sector contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP) and provides employment, yet it encounters many impediments that work against its success. The construction of buildings is a major consumer of energy and natural resources and can negatively affect the environment if the process is not properly managed. Stakeholders in the construction industry have diverse interests which compete against each other and inhibit the achievement of project objectives. The objective of the study was to review existing theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of stakeholder engagement on sustainable construction of building projects. The study reviewed relevant underlying theories and empirical research. The stakeholder theory was identified as key, however, other relevant theories reviewed are contingency theory, systems theory, and sustainable concept. Empirically, a six-step process of stakeholder management was contemplated and the key stakeholders linked with sustainability principles. The key elements of sustainable construction and sustainable performance of construction projects during project life cycle phases was also discussed. These studies address each element independently in detail but fail to provide a link if any between stakeholder management and performance of sustainable construction projects. The sustainability requirements are applicable to all the project lifecycle phases and the stakeholders should participate in all these phases to execute a sustainable building. The findings of the study confirm that there is need to study an empirical model to determine the role of stakeholders in sustainable construction of building projects.

This paper analyzes the significance of standing tall as Christian parents in an immoral society; a topic that was prompted by a statement written by the Atheists of Kenya entitled, ‘Rearing children without God’[1]. Basing discussions on library readings, descriptive survey and reflective experiences, the author tries to answer why Christian parents ought to stand tall and be moral in a decaying society. In the process, the paper answers two important questions; first, how Christian parents should live in an immoral society without being part of it. Further the question, how this Christian living touches or impacts on their children’s lives will be answered. Second, what biblical justification do Christian parents have for being moral within the context of an immoral society?

Hausa is a language of the people situated in Northern Nigeria, Niger, Ghana and as far as North Africa. The language was blessed with two writing systems: Ajami (with modified Arabic letters) and Boko (using Roman letters). The publication of Hausa Newspapers began in the year 1932 by the Translation Bureau in Zaria which was established in the year 1929. It was begun with a newspaper called Jaridar Nijeriya Ta Arewa. Since that time the Hausa newspaper has continued under different agencies and individuals up to the present time when over 130 newspapers are published in Hausa language. Out of this number, currently less than 40 are circulating and all the remaining ones have died. The aim of this paper is to assess the history of the publication of this newspaper starting from the background and finally suggest the way to empower them.

The research was conducted to evaluate effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting of guava in Fruit Crop Research Program, Horticultural Research Institute (HRI), NARC Islamabad. Semi hard wood cuttings, 5-6’’ in length having 2 to 3 buds, of guava cultivar was taken from about 1 to 1/2 year old uniform guava branches. These cuttings were treated with IBA 4000, 3000, 2000 and 1000 ppm while untreated cuttings were used as control. The greenhouse was equipped with heater and air cooler keeping the temperature at 240C and relative humidity was maintained at 60-70 % during the experiment period. Cuttings were irrigated through mist and the cuttings were planted in experimental pots containing sandy soil. The data was recorded for rooting percentage, number of roots per cuttings, root length per cutting and survival percentage. It was concluded that the cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm produced maximum number of roots. While in survival the IBA 2000 ppm is at the top. In all treatment very small difference exist without control treatment in which variation were exist, while in IBA the difference between different parameter were existed.

The elaboration of new effective and ecologically friendly regulators improving growth and increasing yield of oilseed rape is an actual problem for modern agriculture. Our work was devoted to screening of new effective plant growth regulators among chemical low molecular weight heterocyclic compounds, derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine to improve the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) of cultivar Kalinivsky. As a result of the conducted experiments, the most effective synthetic compounds that showed a high stimulating effect when used in concentration 10-9M on the growth of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings were selected. It was found that biometric indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the 10-9M solution of derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine were increased by an average to 11 - 30 % – by length of shoots, by an average to 8 - 68 % – by total number of roots, and by an average to 5 - 43 % – by total length of roots, as compared with similar indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the distilled water (control) or on the 10-9M solution of plant hormones auxins IAA (1H-Indol-3-ylacetic acid) and NAA (1-Naphthylacetic acid). The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the 10-9M solution of derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine was increased by an average to 14 - 20 % – by content of chlorophyll a, by an average to 15 - 21 % – by content of chlorophyll b, by an average to 16 – 18 % – by content of chlorophyll a+b, as compared with similar indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the distilled water (control) and were increased by an average to 14 - 26 % – by content of carotenoids as compared with similar indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the distilled water (control) or grown on the 10-9M solution of IAA and NAA, respectively. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of using of derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine as new effective regulators to improve oilseed rape growth.