The purpose of this study was to develop a Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) of Chitosan and Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC). The drug Diltiazem HCl, used in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. Diltiazem HCl has a short elimination half-life; this will bring down its dosing frequency to once a day and on the same time make a zero order release system. Microspheres were prepared by using controlled release polymers. The formulations were evaluated for pharmacopoeial quality control tests and all the physical parameters evaluated were within the acceptable limits. Formulation B7 was proved to be good drug content, % drug encapsulation efficiency and % drug release up to 12 h as compared to the other formulations. Stability studies were carried out on the optimized formulation B7 for period of 3 months at 400c/75%RH. Finally it was observed that there was no change in physiochemical and physical properties as well as in drug release profile even after storage at 45°C and 75 % RH for three months.

Abstract: This paper focuses to study the role of SNSs in political communication as well as to study the SNSs as an emerging tool of political campaigning. This study is guided by Technology Acceptance Model of communication school of thought. A survey of 150 college students of Gurgaon district is conducted using combination of purposive and random sampling techniques. The data is analyzed using correlation and percentile technique. The study found that social networking sites is positively associated with political discussion, political participation and it can be best used for political campaigning because of itsrapid acceptance and its multiplier effect.

Abstract: An audit is an independent examination of account of an entity done by an independent auditor in other to ascertain the truth and fairness of the financial statement. This paper tries to explore the content of public and private audit in Nigeria. Various laws and enactment were view as what are the requirements of public as well as private audit. It was found out that both of them are two bird of the same feather. They are all governed by the professional pronouncement as well as the financial reporting standard of Nigeria. Although, but the parties maintain the code of ethics of the profession which include: Independence, Integrity, Confidentiality and professional duty and care. It was recommended that strengthening the independence of the supreme audit institution, and reinforcing the PAC to be alive to its responsibilities and improving the accounting environment. Also external audit should maintain the ethics of the institution toward rendering of their duties.

Abstract: Equality between men and women is a fundamental right and a common policy of many governments in the world today. Gender mainstreaming is the process whereby gender concerns are raised routinely within everyday operations of an institution or organization and resolved in a gender manner in normal operations. The well-being and the equality between men and women are addressed by gender mainstreaming. The purpose of this study was to establish the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming initiatives employed in enhancing gender equity in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish how recruitment and selection, employee awareness, a gender office and implementation of gender mainstreaming policy affect gender equity in Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries in Kirinyaga County. The study employed a descriptive survey research design and targeted all fifty (50) Ministry employees. Descriptive data analysis was done which generated mean and standard deviation with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Frequencies and percentages were also generated. The study established that there was a close relationship in terms of proportions of the respondents between a yes (54%) and no (46%) responses on training.The study established that the Ministry ensured fair recruitment and selection based on Gender Equity to a great extent (36%).It is therefore recommended that the Ministry through their Cabinet Secretary provides statistics of the incoming employees based on gender. The researcher also recommends that the Ministry clearly outlines what constitutes gender mainstreaming training. The study also found out that the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries had neither done much (40%) on sponsoring gender balance awareness training nor done much(34%) on implementing gender balance awareness training. The researcher therefore recommends that awareness training should be enhanced.

Abstract: Performance contract is a management tool for measuring freely negotiated performance targets between institutions management and the Government. Performance Contracts have been used in many enterprises in the world. Performance contract was introduced by the Government of Kenya to ensure delivery of quality service to the public as well tertiary institutions also known as TIVET institutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of managerial knowledge and information on the implementation performance contract in Tertiary institutions in Meru County. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine find out the effect of managerial knowledge on implementation of performance contract in tertiary institutions in Meru County, and to evaluate the effect of information on implementation of performance contract in tertiary institutions in Meru County. The study adopted a survey research design and stratified sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 63 from a population of 76 employees of tertiary institutions in Meru County. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the interviews. Data analysis was done using SPSS software; correlation coefficients were used to determine the nature of the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables. Chi-square analysis will be done to test significance of variables. The findings were presented in tables and figures. The study of the findings were considered important for gathering information for managerial policy decision making that enabled the managers understand the positive approaches towards performance contracting as a management tool for improving performance in tertiary learning institutions which has continuous benefits to the long-term development. The findings of this study were; Managerial knowledge of PC coordinators affects the implementation to a very great extent and there is an association between managerial knowledge and the implementation of performance contracts {(χ2 (1,4) = 56.448, p< 0.05)}. There is a significant association between policies and procedures and the implementation of performance contracts. In the view of the findings the study recommended principals of tertiary institutions should organize continuous in-servicing of officers on performance contracting so as to improve their knowledge on the same and the managers should always induct the junior mangers on implementation of performance contracts.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new non-monotone self-adaptive trust region method with line search for solving unconstrained optimization problem. Different from the usual trust region methods, our algorithm does not only use a non-monotone technique, but also use a new rule to update the trust region radius. We prove the global convergence of the new algorithm under some reasonable assumptions.