Swine Influenza is a respiratory disease of pig caused by Type A influenza viruses. H1N1 is an Influenza A virus. Influenza viruses are able to infect humans, swine, and avian species, and swine have long been considered a potential source of new influenza viruses that can infect humans. Swine has been believed to play a vital role in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. Influenza A causes moderate to severe illness and affects all age groups. The WHO declared the H1N1 pandemic on June 11, 2009, after more than 70 countries reported 30000 cases of H1N1 infection. In 2015 the instances of Swine Flu substantially increased to five year highs with over 10000 cases reported and 774 deaths in India. The CDC recommends real time PCR as the method of choice for diagnosing H1N1. Prevention of swine influenza has three components: prevention in swine, prevention of transmission to humans, and prevention of its spread among humans. If a person becomes sick with swine flu, antiviral drugs can make the illness milder and make the patient feel better faster. Antiviral drugs are most effective if they are started within the first 48 hours after the clinical signs begin. CDC recommends the use of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or Zanamivir (Relenza) for the treatment. In this review, a brief overview on swine flu is presented highlighting the characteristics of the causative virus, the disease and its advances made in its diagnosis, control and Treatment to be adapted in the wake of an outbreak.

Osteoarthritis of trapeziometacarpal joint (TM joint), typically presenting with pain, reproducible tenderness in the region of the TM joint, restricted the range of motion, deformation(shoulder sign) and grind test that causes repentance and pain, is relatively common and affects 50% of postmenopausal women and up to 25% of elderly men. The aim of this study was to evaluate author’s experience with arthroplasty as opposed to surgical treatment of degenerative disease of the TM joint. Authors have used Polylactic acid (PLA) braid rolled on itself AREX trapezium implant(Arex®615R) in Assuta Medical Center as part of surgical option together with trapeziectomy and arthrodesis in patients with Eaton type III-IV of TM joint osteoarthritis.Methods:12 patients (11female/1male) were operated in Assuta Medical Center between 2009and 2011.Pre-operation average DASH score were 80,4 (88-74).Following operation, the average degree of improvement in DASH score at six weeks was 32.8 (42-22), three months-20.7 (31-12) and one year- 10.6(5-13). All patients significantly improved after operation as measured with the VAS scale and DASH score. At one year follow-up allpatients were free of pain. Two patients had complication as acute-on-chronic autoimmune reaction due to PLA degradation. It appears that trapezectomy and interposition arthroplasty using AREX trapezium implant is efficacious for treatingofosteo arthritis Eaton type III-IV of TM joint.

Stroke is defined as the loss of function of brain and it occurs when the supply of blood to the brain is either interrupted or reduced. When this happens, the brain does not get enough oxygen or nutrients which cause brain cells to die. Stroke induced brain injury results from the interaction of various complex pathophysiological modalities such as excessive accumulation of excitatory amino acids, ROS, calcium overload, mitochondrial damage, neuronal cell death etc. For the last three decades animal models of cerebral ischemia were developed with the aim of identifying mechanisms that cause tissue damage and to provide the basis for the development of new therapies for stroke at a preclinical level. The three main classes of in-vivo animal models are global ischemia, focal ischemia, and micro embolism/thrombosis model. In vivo experimental models to induce stroke are either global or focal models, each of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. In order to overcome the disadvantages, in the present study, we had combined both global and focal models i.e. Common carotid artery occlusion along with 25% Fecl3 induced thrombosis. The model bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion combined with Ferric chloride Induced Thrombosis and Reperfusion (BCCAO+FIT+RE) was more successful than the other groups such as Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (UCCAO+RE), Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO+RE) and Ferric chloride Induced Thrombosis (FIT) in inducing stroke.

Biofouling particularly micro-fouling is a very complex phenomenon to understand. This present work is carried out to understand the influence of wood type on the development of microfoulers. The panels were constructed by using commercially important hard wood such as Tectona grandis, Pterocarpus Sp, Thespesia populnea and Mangifera indica. The assembled panels were immersed and studied for the period of 21 days in velar estuary, Porto-Novo. The result shows that the settlement of microfoulers are high on the panel constructed by Mangifera indica (89 X 10-5 CFU/cm2) and low on the panel constructed by Pterocarpus Sp (71 X 10-5 CFU/cm2). Thus, the selection of materials for the marine structures must be heedful and well established to prevent the loss due to the fouling process.

This paper explains the strategic penetration through mergers and acquisitions in international financial large corporate in emerging countries like Mexico and the clash of European and Mexican management cultures. As a case study is taken as a basis, the merger and consolidation of the Spanish Banco Santander in Mexico, what was your strategy for fusion of Mexican banks? How was his way of governance in the country? Concluding and Banco Santander through mergers and acquisitions have become the fourth strongest banking Mexico and one of the strongest banks in the world, as part of the explanation is considered their form of governance.