Halal certification system is vital for the customers who prefer to consume Halal products. Here the definition of Halal is taken through the views of eminent Islamic scholars. Different interpretations of Halal items are being made, whereas many bodies are certifying these as Halal products. The source of Halal Certification (HC) of products / services seems important both for organisation, and for the consumers. In order to understand the practices adopted by multiple bodies which are certifying Halal, we have tried to identify various criteria and sub criteria on which Halal certification are being undertaken. The main contribution on certification of Halal food has been made by JAKIM. This has been further extended to other countries. India being a major exporter of Buffen, its different companies tries to follow the norms of the importer country. Thus we have observed the multiplicity of Halal Certifying Organisation (HCO) and this has also provided major threats than opportunities for HC. However, when we tried to make comparison among different Halal certification bodies in India, we observed that theses certifications are focused towards the slaughter of the animal and have somewhat similar outlook. We observed that these HCO do not have proper norms for the processes and upcoming technology being adopted in the food industry. They need to develop better norms for Halal cold chain and dedicated logistics to maintain the Halalness of the food. The certification of the food ingredients & additives is major opportunity. The codification of processes is also necessary. Thus extensive research is required in this area.

Industrial effluent is a favourable approach for irrigation demand. But according to an estimate, the alcohol production in India has reached 2.7 million liters and the proportion of effluent is nearly 15 times of the total alcohol production. This massive quantity, approximately 40 billion liters of effluents, if disposed untreated can cause considerable stress on water sources leading to widespread damage to aquatic life. The pollution effect of distillery waste is due to high bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD) and colour. The present study compares the effect of untreated and anaerobically treated distillery effluent on seedling growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is observed that potato seedling shows less growth in different concentration (5%, 10%, 15%, respectively) of untreated effluent as compared to anaerobically treated effluent. The result of this study indicates that we should use the treated effluent for irrigation purposes.

Radiological accident can have a huge impact on public health. Emergency physicians should be prepared to respond to potential radiation emergencies by improving their knowledge and attitude regarding radiation emergency response. This study was consisted of a cross sectional survey that conducted among Emergency physicians in Aseer region, southwest of Saudi Arabia by 2015. The questionnaires were distributed during annual emergency physicians meeting in Aseer region of Saudi Arabia and collected in the same event. Data were coded and enter to computer provided with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 15). The survey response rate was 88%. Only 10.3% of respondents had attended radiation emergency training course. Those who attended training courses and with poor knowledge for utilizing PPE, decontamination, diagnosis and utilizing chelating agents 40%, 40%, 30% and 40% respectively. And those who were not attend training courses and with poor knowledge for utilizing PPE, decontamination, diagnosis and utilizing chelating agents 71.3% ,72.4%,65.5% and 80.5% respectively. 40% of those who attended training courses unlikely to come to work while 44.8% among those who were not attending training courses unlikely to come to work. 40% of attending training courses respondents feels uncomfortable to take care of victims and 30% of them feel uncomfortable to do decontamination for victims. 46% of those who were not attending training courses feel uncomfortable to deal with victims and 42.5 % of them feel uncomfortable to do decontamination for victims. Low level of knowledge and attitude among most of emergency physicians in Aseer region was discovered. Training courses, which were provided improving emergency physicians knowledge but doesn’t change their attitude toward attending and caring of victims.

Maternal nutrition is very important for the course and outcome of pregnancy. Successful pregnancy and lactation require adjustments in maternal body composition, metabolism and function of various physiological systems. Poor maternal nutrition, especially in rural settings, affects pregnancy and birth outcome. Taboo food and drink are food and beverages, which people abstain from consuming because of a religious or cultural prohibition. The food is classified into two categories as Hot and Cold. Hot food items are avoided during pregnancy as it is thought that it will cause abortion. Cold food items are avoided during lactation period as it might affect the quality and quantity of milk production.

This study evaluated the analgesic property of Desmodium adscendens (DA) in mice using the Hot plate test and the Formalin test. Eighteen (18) mice of 15-25g body weight were used for this study. The mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups (control High dose (HD) and Low dose (LD) treated groups), n=6. Animals in the control group were given normal rat chow and water while animals in the test groups received different doses (100mg/kg and 400mg/kg) of D.A orally with the aid of an orogastric cannula alongside normal chow and water for 21days. At the end of the feeding period, nociception was evaluated following the hot plate and formalin test. The results showed that aqueous leaves extract of DA significantly (P<0.001) reduced the frequency and duration of paw lick but reduced escape latencies in the hot plate test compared with control. Frequency and duration of paw flick and paw attention in the acute phase of the formalin test was significantly increased (P<0.001) across the experimental groups compared with control. In the light of the above, low and high doses of DA were observed to reduce pain sensitivity following acute thermal pain stimuli whereas; it increases inflammatory pain sensitivity in mice. This indicates that D.A may be good analgesics of thermal cutaneous pain

Abstract: Sichuan basin is experienced polycyclic tectonic movement and multi-type basin superimposed then formed more than 20 hydrocarbon bearing series, so became a large superimposed petroliferous basin. Sinian system in the basin is one of the oldest hydrocarbon-bearing series also the earliest series found large gas reservoir (weyuan gas reservoir). As we known, the sinian system in the bottom of sichuan basin which formed long time ago and buried depth. The ancient hydrocarbon bearing serie experienced polycyclic tectonic movement .How to impact of sinian system Oil and gas geological conditions in deep basin by all previous tectonic movement that is the key to the evaluation of the oil and gas resource potential. Based upon this, I am from the perspective of tectonic evolution to to discussing the different tectonic movement how to influence the oil and gas accumulation conditions of sinian system, and meanwhile discuss about hydrocarbon source condition, reservoir condition and oil and gas accumulation and enrichment how to impact hydrocarbon accumulation, and then points out that where is the sinian system favorable zones for oil and gas exploration.

In order to discover the function of brain memory, the network is one of the ways to display the memory function. With network, the memory can be demonstrated by node or edge with structural analysis and functional discovery combing with imaging data. The results implied that the memory structure is a network and is also a network in functional analysis. Among them, neural network is a useful tool to study the function of memory. Except that, computational model is another way to display memory structure and function.

The aim of this study was to determine vertical transmission of Sterptococcus mutans (S. mutans) genotypes in mother-child pair. The present study was conducted on 60 mother-child pair saliva samples having at least three carious teeth. All enrolled preschool children were divided into two age groups Group-1 (1-3 years) and Group-2 (4-5 years). Stimulated saliva samples were collected from all enrolled subjects. After isolation of S. mutans DNA, Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) and genotyping methods (with primers for the glucosyltransferase gene) were used to identify the matching and non-matching patterns of S. mutans genotypes transmitted from mother′s to their child. Statistical analysis showed 75% matching genotypes were found in Group-1 mother-child pair and 65 % was reported in Group-2 mother-child pair suggesting the presence of vertically transmitted strains of S. mutans higher in Group-1.

A literature review in Indian MSME sector. It shows the profound impact of MSME sector on Indian Economy, status of MSME sector in India & governments efforts for this sector.

The aim of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from samples of raw bovine milk obtained from different farms and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A total of 144 milk samples were collected and screened for the presence of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined qualitatively using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Piperacillin showed maximum resistance rate 62.90%, 61% isolates were resistant to Ceftazidime, 50% to Cephalothin, 48.38% to Gentamicin, 46.77% to Novobiocin, 43.54% to Amikacin and 40.32% to Cetoperazone. Only 9.67% of the isolates were found resistant to Erythromycin. S. aureus is normally resident in humans, therefore, the S. aureus present in cows may have resulted from transmission between the two species, emphasing the need to improve sanitary condition in the milking environment.

Despite the vast research in financial literacy and financial education, little is known about the effectiveness of the education programme that was conducted to increase the financial literacy among Malaysian. The high number of bankruptcy as the highest bankruptcy case was related to hire purchase loans and personal loans are among the crucial financial issues in Malaysia. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the financial literacy, attitude and practices of those who attended POWER! programme and not attended. Data were obtained through on-line survey (n=677) and during Minggu Amanah Saham Malaysia. The findings include that after 6 months attended POWER! programme the participants have a higher financial knowledge. In addition, those who attended POWER! programme had positive attitude towards financial matters although mix result was observed. On the other hand, the control group have better in basic financial behaviour. Consequently, interview should be conducted to gain more understanding on the impact of POWER! programme, a detailed module on specific personal finance need to be developed and further study on financial attitude and behaviour is needed.

Western Region is known for its hospitality and tourism destinations and the cosmopolitan nature of the city has contributed to the increase in number of business institutions and hospitality industry is no exception. This study is based on entrepreneur social network development to improve business performance of the small medium hospitality industry. Social networking is a communicating strategy that allows SMEs to come together to reach out to customers as well as other SMEs which are geographical located in other to improve business activities and increase profit. Generally there are several benefits such as shared knowledge, opportunities, raising the hospitality’s profile, increased confidence and connection associated with social networking. The study therefore recommend the use of social network by SMH entrepreneurs in Western Region to promote their business and by this, they stand the better chance of business boom.

Information Science is an important interdisciplinary domain responsible for collection, selection, processing, organization and management of information. Information Science is dedicated to information infrastructure building, designing and development. Information Science is an Applied Science domain through it has some community interaction and community development perspective. Information Science has an interaction with its stakeholders like people, industry and corporates. Information Science is as an interdisciplinary domain available in western countries. This paper is talks about Information Science and Information Science and Technology and their possible and probable curriculum differences. Paper also tries to illustrate some proposed courses of MSc-IST.

This study seeks to investigate the existence and effectiveness of various forms of culture of school improvement in a secondary school. This school was selected as, it was labelled as a low performing school. Quantitative research design was employed for this study. The teachers were the participants, who voluntarily completed the School Cultural Elements Questionnaire. The findings suggested that out of six, culture of school improvement, only two existed and were positive. The other four did not exist or were very weak. The outcome could be helpful for the administrators of school for uplifting their school culture. There are limitations associated with the finding, as this study just concentrated on a single school, future studies can include more schools from the district.

The incidence of atypical fractures associated with prolonged bisphosphonate therapy has increased because of widespread use for treatment of osteoporosis. They can occur following a minimal or no trauma andpresents as thigh or groin pain. Because of the atypical presentation of these fractures, they may go unnoticed for weeks to months before presenting with a completed femoral fracture. So it's important to keep the overall balance of risks and benefits of bisphosphonate therapy. For some people, the benefits of the bisphosphonate therapies far outweigh the risks involved. The purpose of this article is to highlight the clinico-radiological features leading to early detection and management of such atypical fractures