Leukemia remains the most prevalent cancer in children, accounting for 25–30% of pediatric malignancies. Despite significant advancements in treatment leading to survival rates exceeding 90% for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 75% for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in developed countries, challenges persist, particularly in managing refractory and relapsed cases. This review highlights the critical role of genetic profiling in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric leukemia, emphasizing its potential to guide personalized therapeutic strategies. The integration of next-generation sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of leukemia, enabling the identification of actionable mutations that inform risk stratification and targeted therapies. Furthermore, novel treatment modalities, including immunotherapy and targeted agents, are emerging as promising options for improving outcomes in high-risk patients. However, the need for less toxic treatment regimens remains urgent, as survivors often face long-term health challenges. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research to develop innovative therapies that minimize toxicity while maximizing efficacy, ultimately aiming to provide the right treatment for each patient at the right time.

Objectives: To the current evidence on incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes regarding acute kidney injury (AKI) among trauma patients being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A total of 432 pertinent publications were found after a comprehensive search across four databases. 38 full-text publications were examined after duplicates were eliminated using Rayyan QCRI and relevance was checked; seven studies finally satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Results: We included seven studies with a total of 31,222 participants and the majority 26,267 (84.1%) were males. AKI is a frequent complication in trauma patients, and its incidence depends on the kind of trauma and patient-related factors. Incidence is higher in abdominal and polytrauma patients, particularly in those who are obese or with subcutaneous adipose tissue. AKI in polytrauma is associated with longer ventilation, longer lengths of stay in the ICU, and higher mortality. Although less frequent compared to AKI in penetrating trauma, AKI is associated with longer hospitalization and higher fatality in young patients. Severe trauma has the highest incidence of AKI largely due to coagulopathy, hemodynamic instability, rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and nephrotoxic drugs. Conclusion: AKI poses a significant challenge in ICU trauma management, leading to longer hospital stays, higher mortality, and complex clinical cases. Key risk factors such as trauma severity, obesity, and hemodynamic instability necessitate early diagnosis and targeted intervention. Effective AKI management involves optimizing fluid balance and minimizing nephrotoxic exposure. Future research should focus on developing standardized prevention protocols and assessing long-term renal outcomes in trauma patients.

Background: A collection of symptoms dominated by pain, loss of function, and bony collapse brought on by anoxemia and other arterial feeding deficiencies of the femoral head that last long enough to induce noticeable bone degradation, including necrosis are known as avascular necrosis. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of replacement bipolar hip arthroplasty for hip function restoration in advanced stages of AVN in low socioeconomic circumstances. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study was conducted in JIMCH, Bajitpur, Kishoreganj. Patients with Ficat-Arlet type III –IV, Idiopathic, both bilateral and unilateral avascular necrosis of femoral head patients were included in this study. Age <20 years and >35 years, infective conditions. Previous history of surgery to hip including arthroscopy, Progressive neuromuscular disorders, revision THR, dermatological conditions around hip were excluded in this study. They were followed up for a minimum period of 5 year and evaluated for surgical and functional outcome using X-rays and Harris hip score. The follow up schedule was at 1month, 6 months, 1-year and every yearly post-surgery. The pre and post-operative pain, deformity and functional outcomes were compared. Results: All of the patients were between the ages of 20 and 35. Young people frequently have femoral head AVN. There were 19 female patients and 31 male patients out of 50. The primary presenting symptom of necrosis, which affected all patients (100%), was pain. Excellent results were present only in 16% (8 patients) of the cases in 3 weeks. 64% percent (32 patients) excellent results after 36 weeks and 36(72.0%) after 52 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: Bipolar hip arthroplasty for AVN hip has a low incidence of post-operative complications in long-term follow-up and high good and excellent functional outcome.

The variability in cement brands significantly influences the compressive strength of concrete, highlighting the need for a cost comparison to evaluate the economic implications of strength variations used for different purposes of buildings and infrastructure, this study was undertaken with the objective to evaluate and compare the compressive strength of M20-grade concrete prepared using various brands of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 43 grade commonly used in the central terai region of Nepal. Additionally, the study aimed to establish a correlation between the cost and strength variations among ten different cement brands available in the market, providing insights into their economic and structural performance. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of various cement brands on the compressive strength of M20 grade concrete used in construction. The evidence-based findings of this study will assist construction professionals and the general public in making informed decisions, ultimately enhancing construction quality and ensuring structural integrity within the region.

Corporate disclosures that focus solely on financial performance often fail to capture the broader impact and long-term viability of firms, prompting urgent questions about the value relevance of more holistic reporting frameworks. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to investigate whether triple bottom line reporting encompassing environmental, social, and economic dimensions significantly shapes market valuations among listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study adopts an ex post facto research design, drawing on secondary data from 45 purposively selected firms between 2012 and 2023. Employing both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and a two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, the analysis examines the interplay between share price (SHPR) as the dependent variable and key disclosure indices (ENDI, SODI, and ECDI) alongside financial controls (EAPS, BVPS, CFPS). The findings reveal that environmental and social reporting exhibit consistently strong and positive associations with share price, suggesting that transparent disclosures in these domains enhance investor confidence and potentially reduce uncertainty. Contrarily, economic disclosure shows a negative and significant coefficient under GMM, hinting that excessive focus on short-term economic metrics may be met with skepticism if not balanced by comprehensive sustainability information. This conclusion underscores the centrality of integrated reporting strategies that address environmental and social commitments alongside financial performance. The implications for corporate managers, policymakers, and investors are clear: prioritizing triple bottom line disclosures can augment firm value by signaling long-term resilience and ethical stewardship. The study recommends intensifying efforts to standardize and deepen disclosure practices across all three dimensions, thereby fostering comparability and trust in capital markets. Looking ahead, further research might explore industry-specific dynamics or incorporate governance mechanisms to unravel how best to optimize triple bottom line reporting for sustained value creation in emerging economies.

Perhaps in the recent past, no career has seen more challenges and frustrations like that of the recent anatomist in Nigeria. Students were not interested in pursuing a career in anatomy due to the very restricted career paths, a situation created by unfavorable government policies as enforced by the approved training curriculum. As players in this field of anatomy, with decades of experience, we advocate for improvement in anatomy career prospects. This position paper is backed up by the results of a recent exploratory survey on the experiences of recent anatomy graduates in the labor market. Results showed a redundant curriculum that had remained the same for 30 years. There are no professional options in health services spelt out for the anatomist in national curricula, ancient and modern, despite an obviously superior knowledge of the human body compared to any allied health discipline. Results also showed that the curriculum objectives were significantly far from graduate expectations. Our inference linked this to perharps failure of National Univescities Commission of Nigeria, to consult with students or young graduates during the review since the curriculum objectives of Core Curriculum and Minimum Academic Standards (CCMAS 2022) was in no way different from the Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS 2007). This consultation is the gold standard in curriculum review. It is painful to state that the CCMAS was dead on arrival as far as the career paths of the anatomist are concerned. This is a call for a true curriculum review.

The present study employs Trade Intensity index and Grubel Lloyd index to examine the India-BRCS group trade dynamics in processed food products from year 2010-2021. The research findings reveal a positive balance of trade for India except in the year 2014-2017. The study finds that lowest trade intensity of India is with Brazil. The results also indicate very less or no intra-industry trade in many processed food products like: fish products, meat products, dairy and poultry products, animal and vegetable oils, etc. The trade between India and China is found to be more homogenized than any other nation taken in the study.

This study examines the potential of FinTech money lending platforms, as viable alternatives for funding SMEs in Nigeria. The motivation for the study arises from the increasing role of FinTech platforms, when it comes to providing financial services to SMEs and the need to enhance their effectiveness and contributions. The study objectives focus on evaluating the accessibility of funds, user interface, transparency, risk management, regulatory compliance, and reputation of the FinTech lending platforms, in terms of their trustworthiness. Data was collected through focused group discussions with 20 SME owners who have used the lending platforms to access business funds, and content analysis was employed to collect relevant information from secondary data sources. Data collected was analyzed using a theme-based qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Amongst others, findings of the study highlight the importance of trustworthiness in determining SME’s perception of FinTech platforms, as practices like transparent disclosures and customer friendly policies were found to foster trust. Amongst others, this study recommends more collaboration between FinTech platforms and the government, as well as other traditional lending institutions, in order to enhance the effectiveness of their services and build trust amongst SME users.

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Liver dysfunction, manifested as elevated liver enzymes, is a frequent complication in these conditions and can exacerbate adverse outcomes. Understanding the association between liver function abnormalities and maternal or neonatal complications is essential for improving clinical management. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the alterations in liver function among Bangladeshi women with preeclampsia and eclampsia and their association with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled women diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who delivered in Institute of Applied Health Science (IAHS), Foy's, Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh, from January 2024 to December 2024. A total of 60 eligible participants were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evenly divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised women with elevated liver function tests (above-threshold LFTs), while Group 2 included women with normal or below-threshold liver function tests (below-threshold LFTs). Maternal data were collected from medical records, including demographic information, obstetric history, and liver function test results. The cohort was stratified into two groups based on LFT results (above-threshold vs. below-threshold). Descriptive statistics and univariable analyses were used to identify differences between the groups, and multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the association between elevated LFTs and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, adjusting for confounders such as maternal age, BMI, and gestational age at delivery. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among mothers, blood transfusions were significantly more frequent in the elevated LFT group (16%) compared to the normal LFT group (5%, p = 0.011). Composite adverse maternal outcomes were higher in the elevated LFT group (20% vs. 15%, p = 0.38), though not statistically significant. Adverse neonatal outcomes were notably elevated, including NICU admission (68% vs. 52%, p = 0.041) and respiratory distress syndrome (41% vs. 25%, p = 0.029). The composite adverse neonatal outcome was significantly higher in the elevated LFT group (70% vs. 53%, p = 0.035). General anesthesia is associated with higher rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to regional anesthesia, with significant differences in maternal blood transfusion, neonatal ICU admissions, and respiratory distress syndrome. Regional anesthesia demonstrates a safer profile, particularly for reducing neonatal complications. Conclusion: Elevated LFTs in preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications, including higher rates of blood transfusion, NICU admission, and respiratory distress syndrome. Routine liver function monitoring is critical for identifying high-risk patients and implementing timely interventions, especially in resource-limited settings.

Investigation of the inhibiting effects of Dioscorea rotundata, Zea mays and Manihot exculenta leaves extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in a selected media using weight loss method was carried out. The mild steel samples were pre-weighed, immersed in mixture of NaOH, NaCl and H2SO4 solutions with the extracts from the leaves and the control samples immersed in solution of the media with no extracts. The samples were allowed to stand for 672 hours and a set of samples from each environment withdrawn at intervals of 168 hours for corrosion characterization. The research findings indicate that the corrosion rate decreased as a result of the leaves extracts introduced into the media thereby confirming that the extracts functioned as effective and excellent inhibitors in the alkaline, salt and acidic media. Among the three plants extracts used, it was observed that Dioscorea rotundata (Yam) has the best inhibition efficiency in both alkaline, salt and acidic media, followed by Manihot exculenta (Cassava) and Zea mays (Maize) which also showed good inhibition efficiency. The results show the very good potentialities of the leaves extracts for application in the mitigation of corrosion in our various manufacturing industries.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency, often complicated by multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). We report a case of a 25-year-old primigravida woman at 34 weeks and 7 days of a twin pregnancy presenting with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for three days. Diagnosis was established based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Prompt multidisciplinary management, including termination of pregnancy and intensive care support, resulted in a favorable maternal outcome. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and aggressive intervention in AFLP complicated by MODS.

Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers globally and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Early detection and precise prognostic assessment are vital for enhancing outcomes in cervical cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative PLR and serum albumin levels for clinicopathological outcomes in cervical cancer. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Serum Albumin levels on clinicopathological outcomes in patients with cervical cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at the Department of Gynecological Oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka (July 2022–June 2023), analyzed 120 women with early-stage (IA-IIA) cervical cancer to assess the association of PLR, S.Albumin for clinicopathological outcome using SPSS 27.0. Data included socio-demographics, clinical details, and serum markers. Results: The majority of participants were aged 30-44 years (46.7%) and married before 18 years of age (83.3%). Most had a PLR <128.3 (62.2%) and SA ≥3.5 (57.8%). Larger tumors (2-4 cm), higher prevalence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and deeper stromal invasion (≥½ thickness) were significantly associated with higher PLR (≥128.3) and lower SA (<3.5) (p < 0.001, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Preoperative Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Serum Albumin levels can serve as valuable predictors of clinicopathological outcomes in cervical cancer, aiding in personalized treatment strategies.

The study was carried out to detection of H.pylori in (200) patients who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis done by Immunochromatography methods. Stools and blood samples was taken from each patient as well as other (30) healthy control matching in their age. The study included detection the Levels of Interleukin-39 and CRP in sera of patients and control. The result indicated presence of H pylori antigen in 115 cases 59 cases of males and 51 of females, Also, the result indicated increasing levels of IL-39 and CRP in patients sera in comparison with healthy control.

The quality and design of instructional materials are fundamental in shaping learners’ motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). This study aims to examine the quality of instructional materials on learners' motivation in MOOCs through the lens of the ARCS Model by John Keller, focusing on Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. By analysing learners’ perceptions and preferences, this research seeks to offer valuable insights into optimizing instructional materials to enhance motivation, engagement, and overall learning effectiveness. The study adopted a quantitative research method to assess the motivation levels of 42 MOOC learners using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). Results indicated that the participants exhibited positive motivation levels, suggesting that the instructional materials effectively captured their interest and supported their learning experiences. Furthermore, learners expressed overall satisfaction with the quality and presentation of the content provided in the MOOCs. Despite the positive feedback, participants also highlighted areas for enhancement, particularly the need for more interactive elements to sustain engagement. Additionally, some learners recommended greater flexibility in content delivery, ensuring that materials cater to diverse learning preferences. These findings underscore the imperative need for continuous refinement of instructional materials in MOOCs to sustain learner motivation, maximize engagement, and foster a more immersive and effective learning environment. By addressing these critical aspects, MOOC providers can significantly enhance learner experiences and drive academic success in the digital learning landscape.

يعتبر شعر المناسبات من الفنون الأدبية الأكثر انتشار لدى الشعراء في دولة صكتو في القرن العشرين وكانوا يقرضون أشعارا في مناسبات وذكريات كثيرة لها أهيمة لديهم, ومن جملة هؤلاء الشعراء الشاعر أحمد صابر, وقد أدلى دلوه في هذا الفن حيث قرض أشعارا كثيرة في هذا المجال في أسلوب رائع مشتمل على الصور الفنية والظواهر البلاغية تشهد على تمكنه في قرض الشعر, والتعبير عما في ضميره وشعوره بكل فصاحة وبلاغة, يهدف هذا البحث إلى الوقوف على نونية الشاعر في ذكرى وفاة والده الحاج محمد نَتَعَالَى, لإخراج ما تضمنته من صور بلاغية وتحليلها حسب توظيف الشاعر لها, ثم الإشارة إلى أهم ما وصل إليه البحث من نتائج. ويشتمل البحث على الكلمات الافتتاحية التالية: الشاعر أحمد صابر, عرض القصيدة, صور بلاغية في القصيدة ,الخاتمة ونتائج البحث..