The tariff measures launched during Donald Trump’s presidency substantially remodeled global trade patterns, with profound impact for India’s economy. This paper examines the impact of these tariffs on India’s export potential, trade balances, and sectoral growth, particularly in steel, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and agriculture. It also explores cascade effects through supply chain disruptions, shifts in bilateral trade relations, and the strategic reform of India’s trade policy. Using trade statistics, policy analysis, and global market trends, the study appraises both short-term and long-term impressions. The findings provide insights into how protectionisms abroad impact emerging economies like India, designing their economic sustainability and resilience measures.

This study examined the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of Datura stramonium (leaves, flowers, fruits, stems) and Garcinia kola (seed and seed coat) using successive solvent extractions and standard phytochemical screening methods. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed solvent-dependent variations. In D. stramonium, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, while dichloromethane and n-hexane extract predominantly contained alkaloids and steroids. Flowers exhibited alkaloids in all extracts, flavonoids and saponins mainly in methanol and ethyl acetate, and steroids in nonpolar solvents. Fruits displayed alkaloids across all solvents, flavonoids chiefly in methanol, and steroids in dichloromethane and hexane. Stems showed alkaloids in methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane, with steroids and tannins restricted to dichloromethane and hexane. For G. kola, seeds contained alkaloids in methanol and dichloromethane, flavonoids in all solvents, saponins in methanol and dichloromethane, and steroids in ethyl acetate and hexane. The seed coat exhibited alkaloids only in methanol, flavonoids in methanol and dichloromethane, tannins in methanol and dichloromethane, and steroids in ethyl acetate and hexane. Quantitative analysis revealed that alkaloids were highest in D. stramonium leaves (10.60 ± 0.53%) and fruits (10.40 ± 0.23%) as well as in G. kola seeds (9.30 ± 0.86%). Flavonoids peaked in G. kola seeds (14.00 ± 0.23%) and D. stramonium flowers (7.20 ± 0.29%), while saponins were abundant in D. stramonium leaves (11.40 ± 0.25%) and G. kola seeds (11.50 ± 0.08%). Tannin levels were generally low (<1.30%), with the highest in G. kola seed coat (1.26 ± 0.21%). In conclusion, the phytochemical richness of D. stramonium and G. kola validates their traditional use and highlights their potential as valuable sources of bioactive compounds.

Mosquitoes are important vectors of diseases that pose major public health challenges. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of Aedes and Culex species within Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo State, Nigeria. Larvae were collected from ten randomly selected sites over a five-month period (November–March). A total of 10,033 mosquitoes were recorded, comprising Culex spp. (5,141; 53.8%) and Aedes spp. (4,892; 46.2%). Statistical analysis showed significant variation across months (p = 0.005) and locations (p = 0.002), while no significant interaction was observed (p = 0.074). The predominance of Culex highlights the risk of diseases such as lymphatic filariasis and West Nile virus, whereas Aedes remains relevant for dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya transmission. These findings provide baseline data for vector control programs in Atiba Local Government and contribute to understanding mosquito distribution in Oyo State.

This study explores the application of large language models in ideological and political education within college English writing courses, aiming to establish a new teaching model for such courses. Taking Unit 3, “Crime and Justice,” from the textbook University Critical Thinking English Tutorial: Writing 3 as an example, the paper analyzes the implementation pathways of teaching processes facilitated by large language models, integrating ideological and political education elements across the three phases of “pre-class, in-class, and post-class.” It is found that LLM-enabled ideological and political education in English writing courses can expand the scope of college foreign language teaching theory, help cultivate college students’ English writing and critical thinking, and improve their humanistic literacy, sense of national identity, and international perspective.

Background: Preeclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity, particularly in low-resource settings. While biological mechanisms are well documented, less attention has been paid to demographic and obstetric determinants. Understanding these factors is critical for early risk assessment and prevention. This study aimed to compare sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital from February 2022 to January 2023. One hundred pregnant women were included—50 with preeclampsia and 50 normotensive controls. Data on age, BMI, socioeconomic class, gravidity, gestational age, and family or past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, or preeclampsia were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were applied, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Mean age and BMI did not differ significantly between preeclamptic and normotensive groups (p>0.05). Most preeclamptic women belonged to lower socioeconomic classes (44%) and were primigravida (68%), though these differences were not statistically significant. Family histories of hypertension, diabetes, or preeclampsia showed no association with disease occurrence. Gestational age was comparable across groups. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and obstetric parameters, though more adverse among preeclamptic women, did not show statistically significant differences in this cohort. Nevertheless, the predominance of low socioeconomic status and primigravidity among cases underscores the need for focused antenatal surveillance and health education in vulnerable populations.

This work examines two interconnected lines of research: the historical analysis of the foundations of the Middle East conflict through Karl Baumböck's text, The Jews in World Politics and the methodological study for the authentication and detection of forgeries in historical documents. Baumböck’s text presents a narrative identifying three main centers of Jewish power at the time: Weimar Germany, Bolshevik Soviet Union and American plutocracy. From this perspective, it describes a program of Jewish domination, detailing its influence on the economy, politics, the press, and culture in each of these centers. For the Soviet Union, it emphasizes the role of Jewish figures in the Bolshevik leadership. The text argues that the ultimate goal of this project was the establishment of a world government, using liberal democracy and Bolshevism as parallel tools to dissolve national and racial identities. The second part addresses the problem of historical forgery. It establishes that the veracity of documents fundamental to historiography must be verified through rigorous scientific methods. Applicable forensic techniques are explained, such as spectroscopic analysis of inks and paper, the study of typewriters to identify unique characteristics and the examination of illegible signatures. As a critical case study, the so-called Wannsee Protocol is scrutinized. Its authenticity is questioned due to circumstances such as its discovery in 1947, being the only existing copy and lacking a signature. An authentication protocol is proposed, including material analysis of the document to determine the potential use of anachronistic materials.

The cost of corrosion-related transmission pipeline maintenance, which escalates as pipeline networks age and deteriorates, costs the oil and gas sector billions of naira every year. As a result, pipeline operators should reconsider their approaches to corrosion control. The present study employed the Monte Carlo Simulation model to forecast the rate of corrosion and dependability of pipelines carrying crude oil. The corrosion rate was predicted using a Linear and Power Law Model and discrete random numbers that were simulated from Inline Inspection Data. The study's conclusion demonstrates that the Monte Carlo simulation can forecast the pipelines' corrosion rate with an accuracy of 84.24–97.94%. From Monte Carlo Simulation results, a 2.01 lowest and 15.76 highest were obtained. Every value is within the range of 1.67% to 16.95%. The predicted number of failures is thus provided by the statistical models. Optimal maintenance decisions, risk analysis, and reliability analysis can all benefit from the statistical models' output.

The rise in the discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater in the form of heavy metals Cr6+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ has become an issue of serious concern to the environment and to the general population since these elements are toxic, persistent, and may accumulate in the body. Cr(vi), FE(iii) and Pb(ii) are common toxic contaminants in the Pharma effluents and their quick, effective elimination is paramount in regulation compliance and environmental safety. A simple, scalable synthesis of a bimetallic NiO/CuO nanocomposite was reported in this study through a concurrent coprecipitation-hydrothermal reaction, and then subjected to calcination at 400 0 C. This paper is concerned with synthesis and use of nickel oxide/copper oxide (NiO/CuO) nanocomposites to effectively clean such metal ions that are present in pharmaceutical effluents. NiO/CuO nanocomposite was produced by a slight modification of the sol-gel technique and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to ascertain the structural, morphological and functional characteristics of the material. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency was studied through batch adsorption. It was found that, at a dosage of 0.8 g, the removal efficiencies increase to 100% for Cr, 96.81% for Fe, and 92.40% for Pb. This demonstrates near-complete removal of Cr and very high removal for Fe and Pb, indicating that the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite is nearing saturation. Kinetics of the adsorption process was in pseudo-second order and adsorbed monolayers on a homogeneous surface which is pointing to Langmuir isotherm. The regeneration studies indicated the multiple adsorption-desorption cycles of the nanocomposite with its stability and reusability. This report establishes the possibilities of NiO/CuO nanocomposites as a powerful, inexpensive, and ecologically safe adsorbent to treat heavy-metal-contaminated pharmaceutical wastewater to be a part of the sustainability of waste sources and pollution prevention.

This study examined how petroleum products (petrol, kerosene, and diesel) affect the strength of concrete made with lateritic sand and quarry dust. A 1:1½:3 mix with a 0.65 water–cement ratio and 25% lateritic sand plus 75% quarry dust was used. Thirty-nine 100 mm cubes were water-cured for 7–28 days, then immersed in petroleum products for 30–60 days. Water-cured cubes showed steady strength gains up to 15.74 N/mm² at 28 days. In contrast, exposure to petroleum products reduced strength: after 30 days, averages were 12.89 N/mm² (petrol), 11.36 N/mm² (kerosene), and 13.30 N/mm² (diesel); after 45 days, 12.78, 14.19, and 13.53 N/mm² respectively. Petrol caused the greatest deterioration, kerosene moderate, and diesel the least. Petroleum exposure disrupted cement hydration, increased porosity, and weakened the paste–aggregate bond, reducing durability. The study recommends protective coatings, improved mix designs, and strict management in fuel-contaminated environments such as filling stations and garages.

This paper synthesizes empirical evidence on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of petroleum exploration and production in the Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria, focusing on soils, surface and groundwater, and local livelihoods. A review of field-based studies, environmental assessments and community surveys reveals pervasive hydrocarbon contamination (TPH, PAHs), elevated heavy-metal concentrations, and widespread degradation of mangrove and farmland soils. Contaminants migrate into surface waters and shallow aquifers, impairing drinking-water quality and fisheries. Empirical studies also document reduced agricultural yields, loss of fish catches, health complaints, and livelihood erosion—effects compounded by weak monitoring, delayed spill response and chronic seepage from aging pipelines. Remediation efforts (engineered excavation, bioremediation, phytoremediation) show variable success; cost, ecological sensitivity (mangroves) and governance deficits limit large-scale recovery. The synthesis concludes that meaningful restoration requires coordinated long-term remediation, rigorous monitoring, community engagement and strengthened regulatory enforcement. Priority actions include hotspot remediation, alternative livelihood support, and establishing transparent contaminant and health-monitoring systems.

Every year, the oil and gas sector spends billions of naira on transmission pipeline corrosion costs, which rise as pipeline networks age and deteriorate. As a result, pipeline operators must reconsider their approaches to corrosion prevention. Companies are being forced to create precise maintenance models based on failure frequency because of corrosion problems. Future line safety, lowering the frequency of failures, and cost-effective pipeline operation all depend on statistical techniques for modeling pipeline failures and making appropriate maintenance decisions. The present study predicted both the reliability and corrosion rate of crude oil pipelines by combining Monte Carlo simulation with degradation models. Corrosion was modeled using linear and power-law formulations that incorporated discrete random samples generated from inline inspection data. The degradation models were used to assess the mean time for failure (MTFF). The average corrosion rate (CRav) has a lower root mean square error (RMSE) than the largest occurrence projected random number (CRfreq), according to the TML shown against the RMSE of the predicted models. The RMSE for the degradation models ranged from 1.89 % to 17.02 %. This chart shows that the deterioration models correctly predicted the pipeline corrosion rate to be between 83.91% and 98.06%. Also, the Linear Model Law had the lowest recorded value of 1.98% and the most of 16.11%, while the Power Law degradation was the lowest at 1.88% and the most at 17.01%. When compared to the Monte Carlo Simulation value, which is 2.11 at the lowest and 1.01 at the highest, all of the findings fall between 1.89 and 17.02 percent. Consequently, the RMSE of the degradation models varied between 1.89 and 17.02 percent. Additionally, R2 for the Linear Model ranges from 0.925 to 0.990, but it ranges from 0.989 to 0.999 for the Power Model. According to the results, the degradation model has correctly predicted the field corrosion of the pipelines and will be a crucial tool for predicting when the pipelines will break.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women that affects both reproductive and metabolic systems and is characterized by insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ICMH, Dhaka (Oct 2022–Sep 2023) included 66 women aged 18–35 years with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), grouped by ovarian volume (>10 cc vs ≤10 cc). Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters—including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, Ferriman–Gallwey score, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR—were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 66 PCOS patients, Group A showed higher BMI (27.49 vs. 26.07 kg/m²) and HOMA-IR (4.83 vs. 3.59; p = 0.012). A strong correlation was found between HOMA-IR and ovarian volume (r = 0.685, p < 0.001). High insulin resistance (≥3.8) was more frequent in Group A (67.6% vs. 21.9%), conferring 7.5-fold higher odds of enlarged ovarian volume (OR = 7.47, 95% CI = 2.48–22.52). Conclusion: PCOS in women is closely associated with overweight, hirsutism, and insulin resistance, which in turn correlates with increased ovarian volume.

The conversion of atmospheric CO₂ into valuable fuels while simultaneously storing renewable energy represents a grand challenge in sustainable energy research. Here, we report the design and fabrication of ultrafast photo-electrocatalytic nanoparticle networks engineered for dual CO₂ reduction and high-energy storage within hybrid quantum materials. The system integrates plasmonic nanoparticles with quantum dots and 2D conductive frameworks, establishing a synergistic interface for rapid charge separation and transfer. Under simulated solar illumination, the networks achieve femtosecond-scale electron mobility, driving selective CO₂ reduction to methanol while concurrently storing charge in quantum-confined domains. This hybrid design bridges photonic excitation and electrochemical storage mechanisms through quantum coupling effects, yielding unprecedented energy densities (up to 420 Wh kg⁻¹) and Faradaic efficiencies above 93%. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm robust electron delocalization across multi-phase junctions, stabilizing catalytic intermediates and preventing recombination losses. These findings reveal a new materials platform capable of simultaneous carbon valorization and renewable energy storage, representing a transformative step toward closed-loop, carbon-neutral energy systems.

Background: Sacubitril/Valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), represents a paradigm shift in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Its robust efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization is well-established. However, as its use becomes ubiquitous, the recognition of rare and serious adverse events is paramount for optimizing patient safety. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male with a complex medical history including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3a), and NYHA Class III HFrEF was initiated on Sacubitril/Valsartan 24/26 mg twice daily. Two weeks post-initiation, he presented with severe bilateral proximal myalgia, profound weakness, and classic tea-colored urine. Physical examination revealed significant muscle tenderness. Laboratory investigations were diagnostic for severe rhabdomyolysis, with a peak creatine kinase (CK) level of 18,540 U/L and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI), evidenced by a rise in serum creatinine from a baseline of 1.4 mg/dL to 2.1 mg/dL. A meticulous workup excluded other common etiologies of rhabdomyolysis, including recent trauma, strenuous exertion, hypothyroidism, and illicit substance use. The patient had been on a stable, long-term dose of atorvastatin without prior incident. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score was 7, indicating a "probable" adverse drug reaction. Management involved immediate and permanent discontinuation of Sacubitril/Valsartan, aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, and close monitoring. A positive dechallenge was observed, with rapid symptomatic improvement and normalization of CK and renal function over the following week. Conclusion: This case provides compelling evidence for Sacubitril/Valsartan as a rare but potent precipitant of rhabdomyolysis, particularly in patients with predisposing factors such as CKD and concomitant statin use. It underscores the critical importance of clinician vigilance, pre-emptive patient education, and the prompt institution of management upon symptom recognition to prevent life-threatening complications like acute renal failure.

This paper continues our earlier work on tariff policies and international trade but introduces new theoretical and empirical concepts into the analysis. This paper continues our earlier work on tariff policies and international trade but introduces new theoretical and empirical concepts into the analysis. It is a continuation of the development in the first paper (covering 2018–2024) and concentrates particularly on the three forces that are changing global trade today: geopolitical fragmentation, the development of climate-driven trade instruments, and the increasing push toward digital sovereignty. Increases in tariffs have detrimental effects on exports and imports, and developing economies are especially impacted, which suffer most due to structural weaknesses that hinder their ability to absorb shocks. More importantly, competitiveness and resilience are no longer dependent on tariffs alone. Climate regulations and digital restrictions are becoming significant impediments to trade and are already beginning to determine which nations and firms remain competitive and can best weather disruptions. Resilience against disruptions can be achieved by strengthening regional trade relationships and investing in robust digital infrastructure, although, as crises are converging and escalating and not occurring in isolation, governments are actively restructuring global supply chains to seek friend-shoring and strategic independence.