This study evaluates the impact of physicochemical parameters on aquatic insect diversity of Fateh Sagar Lake by assessing water quality across five sampling sites. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. The results indicated that while most physicochemical parameters remained within permissible BIS/ICMR standards, Site 5 exhibited signs of pollution with higher BOD and COD levels and lower DO. A total of 3668 aquatic insects from 65 species, categorized under 37 families and five orders, were recorded. The BMWP and ASPT indices were employed for biological assessment, revealing good water quality at Sites 1-3, moderate conditions at Site 4, and significant degradation at Site 5, where no aquatic insects were found. Statistical correlations highlighted the importance of DO in species composition and the influence of physicochemical factors on aquatic biodiversity. This study underscores the necessity of regular monitoring and conservation efforts to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on Fateh Sagar Lake.

Sclerocarya birrea tree (Marula), is known in Sudan as Homeid tree. The different parts of the tree find wide traditional and medicinal uses. This study was carried to evaluate the chemical composition of the fruit seeds and kernels oil from nutritional value sight of view. Fresh fruits were collected from Darfur and Kordofan States. The proximate constituents of seeds were determined. Kernels oil was extracted by Petroleum ether. The physicochemical properties of the oil were measured. Seed kernels content of some minerals was determined by AAS. The extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The proximate seed constituents were ash (4.93%), moisture (5.74%), pH (6.36%), protein (44.17%), vitamin C (19.47mg/100g) and Fiber (5.32%). The AAS analysis showed high P (220.25mg/100g) and K (86.10mg/100g) in the kernels. The oil yield was (53.47%). The physicochemical properties were acid value (0.42mg KOH/g), Peroxide value (4.64meq/kg), Saponification value (199mg KOH/g), viscosity (62.1), refractive index (1.467), density (0.919g/cm3) and un-saponified matter (3.17%). The GC-MS characterization showed a presence of five constituents, Dominated by Oleic (65.97%), Palmitic (17.53%) and Stearic acid (12.84%).

This review reviews techniques to enhance immunity and productivity in broilers, explicitly highlighting the effects of vaccination on poultry health. The grill business is integral to the global food supply, and improving grill health and productivity is vital to satisfy the increasing demand for poultry meat. Vaccination is essential for safeguarding poultry from viral illnesses, augmenting their immunological responses, and raising overall production efficiency. The main aim of this review is to analyze the many vaccination procedures utilized in grill production, evaluate their efficacy, and pinpoint research deficiencies. The review consolidates the latest discoveries about vaccine classifications, administration methods, and ideal vaccination timelines. It underscores the correlation between vaccination and immunity, the impact on growth performance and feed conversion efficiency, and the economic advantages of vaccination initiatives. The review also examines problems in vaccination, including vaccine failure, resistance, and environmental factors that affect vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, it examines novel trends in vaccine creation, encompassing the utilization of next-generation vaccines and adjuvants alongside the amalgamation of vaccination with alternative management strategies to enhance health outcomes. The results indicate that vaccination markedly decreases illness prevalence, improves production, and promotes the sustainability of poultry husbandry. It highlights multiple research deficiencies, especially regarding the prolonged impacts of vaccination on immunity and productivity, alongside the obstacles presented by developing diseases and vaccine resistance. Future research should focus on advancing more efficacious vaccines and investigating integrated vaccination techniques that account for environmental and genetic variables. It provides significant insights into contemporary vaccination techniques, their effects on broiler health, and prospective advancements in vaccination strategies within chicken production.

Introduction: Open-access software has become an essential tool in higher education, significantly enhancing research productivity. This scoping review aims to explore the existing research on the impact of open-access software on research activities within higher education institutions. Objective of the Study: The primary objective is to investigate how open-access software facilitates access to scholarly resources, enhances researcher collaboration, and streamlines various research processes. Additionally, the study aims to identify gaps in existing knowledge and suggest areas for future research. Methods: A scoping review methodology is used, involving systematic searches and analyses of relevant literature from academic databases, including peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and grey literature. The review follows a structured framework: (1) identifying the research question, (2) developing a search strategy, (3) selecting relevant studies, (4) charting the data, and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Findings: The review indicates that open-access software significantly enhances research productivity by offering unrestricted access to various scholarly articles, datasets, and collaborative tools. Faculty members report increased efficiency in literature reviews, data analysis, and manuscript preparation, resulting in more publications and improved research quality. The review also highlights the role of open-access software in promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing. Discussion: The discussion delves into the implications of the findings, emphasizing the transformative potential of open-access software in higher education. It also addresses challenges such as limited awareness, technical issues, and data security concerns. Conclusions: The study concludes that open-access software holds significant promise for enhancing research productivity in higher education. By addressing the identified challenges, institutions can create an environment that supports high-quality research, contributing to the advancement of knowledge and innovation.

This study aims to examine a sustainable source of energy from environmentally friendly and renewable resource. Crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) obtained from kernel of African oil palm (Elaeis Gunieensis) was transesterified into biodiesel using alcohol (methanol) and base catalyst (sodium hydroxide) to produce 80.6% PKO methyl ester (biodiesel). Biodiesel produced was blended with diesel fuel in various proportions. Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced, and its blends evaluated according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751). The results showed that; most of Physiochemical properties of PKO biodiesel and its blends were met the requirements of ASTM standard methods.

Cleome rutidosperma DC. (commonly known as Nil Hurhure) and Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. (locally referred to as Kulluruki) are two medicinal plants widely found in various regions of Bangladesh. Cleome rutidosperma, a low-growing herb of the Capparidaceae family, typically reaches a height of up to 70 cm and is found in areas such as Chittagong. Pouzolzia zeylanica, a perennial herb from the Urticaceae family, is widely distributed across Bangladesh, particularly in tribal regions like Bandarban, Chattogram, Cox's Bazar, Khagrachhari, and Rangamati. Both plants have been used in traditional herbal medicine for their wide range of pharmacological benefits in treating various diseases. In this study, the methanolic extracts of powdered leaves of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica were tested for their thrombolytic potential using human erythrocytes. The results revealed that Cleome rutidosperma exhibited a clot lysis of 22.96±2.12%, while Pouzolzia zeylanica showed 36.15±1.51% clot lysis. Whereas, the sterile distilled water (negative control) and streptokinase (positive control) demonstrated clot lysis of 4.9±0.59% and 81.67±2.62%, respectively. The observed thrombolytic activity may be attributed to the presence of phytochemical compounds, such as tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, in the plant extracts. Although no previous research has specifically examined the thrombolytic potential of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica, our findings suggest that the clot lysis effect of both plants is noteworthy when compared to the positive control and negative control. Based on these results, we propose that the methanolic leaf extracts of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica possess moderate thrombolytic potential, making them promising candidates for future drug development.

Maxillary lateral incisors agenesis (MLIA) is a common dental anomaly often managed through space opening to accommodate prosthetic replacement. This approach integrates orthodontic and prosthodontic techniques to restore function and aesthetics. This article explores advancements in space opening treatment, with an emphasis on prosthetic rehabilitation using implant and bridge, and highlights the role of digital dentistry in improving outcomes. Recent evidence-based studies provide insights into the clinical decision-making process and long-term success rates.

This study attempted to revalidate the Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis among households in Choba Community in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area in Rivers State. This was done by examining the consumption expenditure pattern of clothing in households and communication. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey design with an estimated population of 48,081 inhabitants of Choba community. The sample size consisted of 100 samples drawn from the total population using the Taro Yamane technique. The data collected were analyzed via descriptive methods. The findings revealed that households' expenditure on communication is high in comparison to their expenditure on clothing. Communication expenditure, though less variable than clothing, emerged as a growing necessity for households. The study, therefore, recommends among others that the Government should strengthen fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation and stabilize the naira.

Flunitrazepam (FPAM), a sedative and anxiolytic drug, is abused as a recreational substance. However, it is known to be neurotoxic, affecting diverse brain regions. This study examined its histological effect on the cerebellar cortex. Twenty male Wistar rats, divided into four groups of five, consisting of a control and three FPAM-treated groups, were employed. After 14 days of administration of 2 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg per kg body weight, respectively, of FPAM. Histological results showed a dose-dependent degeneration of Purkinje cells (Pn) characterised by vacuolation and nuclei shrinkage. With a Pn-based scale, a semi-quantitative evaluation revealed the proportion of degenerating Pn using a microscope with 15 mm (eyepiece number) and an objective of x 40, per 10-1mm 2 were 4, 6, and 9 respectively, which were significantly different from control (p< 0.05, P< 0.001, and p< 0.001, respectively). The findings revealed that FPAM use had a twofold degenerative tendency in the cerebellar cortex between low and high dosages, indicating potentially harmful implications in FPAM addiction.

This study aims to identify a sustainable source of energy from natural and environmentally friendly resources. Crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) was extracted from kernel of African oil palm (Elais Guineensis) by two chemical extraction methods; soxhlet extraction and cold solvent extraction; yields % were found 40.98% and 34% respectively. The physiochemical properties of extracted oil were evaluated and results showed that its color (Golden Yellow), refractive index was 1.477, density at 15 ºC was 0.80343g/cm3, Kinematic viscosity at 40 ºC was 25.13 cSt, cloud point was 31 ºC, pour point was 21 ºC, free fatty acid was 2.60%, acid value was 5.20 mg KOH g-1, peroxide value was 7.30 mEq kg-1, iodine value was 18.23 mg g-1, saponification value was 216.11mg/KOH g-1and water content was 0.0329%. The fatty Acid compositions were determined using GC-MS. The results showed the dominant fatty acids were lauric acid, myristic acid and Oleic acid in which represent of 39.18%, 20.24%, and 18.82% respectively.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and are a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh. The prescribed cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) has well-known survival benefits, but uptake has remained low with numerous barriers to access, such as a lack of awareness. This study aimed to evaluate patients’ insights, understanding, and perception of obstacles to CR in a tertiary healthcare hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Bangladesh Medical University from June to December 2023. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 90 adult patients with cardiovascular conditions. A structured questionnaire on CR awareness, perceived benefits, and barriers to participation was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the demographic variables, knowledge, and response patterns. Results: Only 45.6% of participants were aware of the CR program, whereas healthcare providers were a significant source of information (45.6%). The most frequently recognized benefit was improved quality of life (67.8%), followed by decreased risk of recurrent cardiac events (65.6%). The primary barriers to CR participation were financial (30.0%), time (27.8%), and family support (23.3%) constraints. Conclusions: Limited knowledge and numerous barriers stand in the way of CR in Bangladesh. Strategies to improve CR utilization and cardiovascular health outcomes include enhancing patient education, increasing accessibility, and implementing financial and social support strategies.

Cleome rutidosperma DC. (commonly known as Nil Hurhure) and Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. (locally referred to as Kulluruki) are two medicinal plants widely found in various regions of Bangladesh. Cleome rutidosperma, a low-growing herb of the Capparidaceae family, typically reaches a height of up to 70 cm and is found in areas such as Chittagong. Pouzolzia zeylanica, a perennial herb from the Urticaceae family, is widely distributed across Bangladesh, particularly in tribal regions like Bandarban, Chattogram, Cox's Bazar, Khagrachhari, and Rangamati. Both plants have been used in traditional herbal medicine for their wide range of pharmacological benefits in treating various diseases. In this study, the methanolic extracts of powdered leaves of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica were tested for their thrombolytic potential using human erythrocytes. The results revealed that Cleome rutidosperma exhibited a clot lysis of 22.96±2.12%, while Pouzolzia zeylanica showed 36.15±1.51% clot lysis. Whereas, the sterile distilled water (negative control) and streptokinase (positive control) demonstrated clot lysis of 4.9±0.59% and 81.67±2.62%, respectively. The observed thrombolytic activity may be attributed to the presence of phytochemical compounds, such as tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, in the plant extracts. Although no previous research has specifically examined the thrombolytic potential of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica, our findings suggest that the clot lysis effect of both plants is noteworthy when compared to the positive control and negative control. Based on these results, we propose that the methanolic leaf extracts of Cleome rutidosperma and Pouzolzia zeylanica possess moderate thrombolytic potential, making them promising candidates for future drug development.

The ethical considerability of nonhuman animals remains a central debate in moral philosophy, often constrained by anthropocentric frameworks that prioritize human interests and rationality. Traditional ethical theories, particularly Kantian deontology and classical utilitarianism, have historically relegated animals to mere instrumental value, denying them intrinsic worth. This paper addresses a critical gap in value theory—the absence of a rigorous philosophical foundation for recognizing nonhuman animals as moral subjects in their own right. Employing the conceptual analysis method, this study critically examines the distinction between intrinsic/inherent and extrinsic value, exploring how a value-theoretic approach can redefine our ethical obligations toward animals. Drawing on the works of Tom Regan, Peter Singer, and Paul Taylor, the paper challenges speciesist assumptions and advocates for an ethical model that extends moral status beyond human boundaries. Through insights from environmental ethics, virtue ethics, and contemporary debates on sentience, this study highlights the philosophical and practical implications of acknowledging nonhuman animals as ends in themselves. The paper concludes that embracing a non-anthropocentric perspective in moral philosophy is essential for fostering a more inclusive and just ethical order.

Six Sigma has developed as a powerful methodology in industrial engineering for improving process efficiency, reducing defects, and enhancing overall productivity. Established in statistical analysis and continuous improvement principles, Six Sigma provides a structured framework for identifying process variations and reducing inefficiencies. This research paper explores the application of Six Sigma methodologies in industrial engineering, focusing on its impact on quality control, cost reduction, and operational excellence. The study examines real-world case studies from manufacturing industries, highlighting successful implementations of Six Sigma tools such as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). Additionally, it discusses the integration of Six Sigma with lean manufacturing principles to optimize workflows and reduce waste. The findings emphasize the significance of Six Sigma in fostering a culture of continuous improvement, driving competitive advantage, and ensuring sustainable growth in industrial engineering. This paper determines with recommendations for industries aiming to implement Six Sigma for long-term operational success.

The external nose, as a central anatomical feature of the face, carries significant aesthetic weight in the perception of facial harmony. The external structure of the nose, which is divided into nine aesthetic nasal subunits and six aesthetic nasal segments, presents a complex interplay of shapes and proportions that are critical to the overall appearance of the face. Given the significant role that the nose plays in facial aesthetics, it is important to understand how variations in nasal anatomy influence perceptions of beauty. The anatomical complexity of the nose is highlighted by the division into upper bony, middle, and lower cartilaginous vaults, each supplied by the facial artery and contributing uniquely to its appearance. For instance, the lower nasal base, lacking cartilaginous support, relies on skin, subcutaneous tissue, and nasal muscles to maintain its shape, highlighting the importance of a surgeon's understanding of these soft tissue components during aesthetic procedures. In the clinical or cosmetic evaluation of the external nose, palpation serves as a critical component, providing insight into underlying structural integrity and abnormalities that may not be immediately apparent through visual inspection alone. This tactile examination commences with an assessment of tip support, where the surgeon carefully applies pressure to determine the resilience and strength of the nasal tip, which plays a pivotal role in the overall appearance and function of the nose. In the meticulous analysis of the external nose, particularly when assessing the functional aspect, computer-assisted rhinomanometry has emerged as a critical tool. This technique, which is reliant on the recording of pressure differential and airflow, is essential in quantifying the degree of nasal obstruction, contributing significantly to the decision-making process in managing nasal deformities. This paper aims to explore the anatomical features of the external nose and their relationship to beauty standards, with a particular focus on understanding how variations in nasal shape and size influence perceptions of beauty. By examining the key anatomical structures of the external nose, we can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to facial aesthetics and how these standards vary across different cultures.